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3 results

  • A Dual Scaling Analysis for Paired Compositions

  • Gordon G. Bechtel
  • Journal:
    Psychometrika / Volume 36 / Issue 2 / June 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2025, pp. 135-154

  • A paired composition is a response (upon a dependent variable) to the ordered pair <j, k> of stimuli, treatments, etc. The present paper develops an alternative analysis for the paired compositions layout previously treated by Bechtel's [1967] scaling model. The alternative model relaxes the previous one by including row and column scales that provide an expression of bias for each pair of objects. The parameter estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for this model are illustrated by means of a small group analysis, which represents a new approach to pairwise sociometrics and personality assessment.

  • A Theoretical Study of Two-Stage Testing

  • Frederic M. Lord
  • Journal:
    Psychometrika / Volume 36 / Issue 3 / September 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2025, pp. 227-242

  • When items cannot be answered correctly by guessing, certain two-stage testing procedures are about as effective over the ability range of interest as the “best” up-and-down procedures studied previously. When answers can be guessed correctly 20 percent of the time, no two-stage procedure is found to match the “best” up-and-down procedures over this ability range. Feet-on-the-desk designs for two-stage procedures may produce poor results.

  • 5 - Using Words to Make Meaning: Ritual Frame Indicating Expressions in Everyday Talk

  • Willis J. Edmondson, Juliane House, Universität Hamburg and the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, Daniel Z. Kadar, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China and Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics
  • Book:
    Expressions, Speech Acts and Discourse
    Published online:
    08 June 2023
    Print publication:
    22 June 2023, pp 74-95

  • Summary

    In Chapter 5, we examine those expressions through which language users conventionally indicate illocutionary acts such as requesting. We define these expressions as Ritual Frame Indicating Expressions (RFIEs), arguing that they are recurrently used to indicate illocutionary acts in specific standard situations with preset rights and obligations for participants. Learning and teaching the use of such expressions can be particularly difficult due to their interactional load and linguacultural specificity.