While anarchists across the Caribbean – especially in Cuba – were being deported, jailed, and killed in the 1920s and early 1930s, Cuban anarchist authors Marcelo Salinas and Adrián del Valle found the height of their literary success. Both won national literary prizes during the dictatorship while keeping the spirit of anarchism alive in their fiction. The epilogue concludes by looking at the long dry spell of anarchism from the 1930s to the 1990s when global anarchism reemerged. In the Caribbean, anarchist groups began rediscovering their roots and new organizations began to emerge to challenge capitalist globalization in the twnety-first century.

This chapter examines friendships and their political importance among leading members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party (PRNP) and the Community Party USA (CPUSA) from the late 1930s to 1945. This was a time of heightened repression against the PRNP and also a time when the CPUSA had adopted Popular Front politics. They key figures in the chapter are Pedro Albizu Campos and Juan Antonio Corretjer, leaders of the PRNP, and Earl Browder and Consuelo Lee Tapia de Lamb from the CPUSA. The men's friendships developed in Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, where they were imprisoned, and continued in New York City. The chapter illustrates what we can learn about how parties and political activists function beyond or in contradiction to their printed statements by paying attention to how personal relationships affect politics and vice versa.