Opegrapha multipuncta and Schismatomma quercicola are two sterile European lichens reproducing only vegetatively by means of soredia. RAxML and Bayesian analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit provide clear evidence that these two species do not belong to the Arthoniomycetes, but to the Lecanoromycetes. In our phylogenetic analyses, O. multipuncta is nested in the genus Porina (Porinaceae) as sister to P. austroatlantica, while S. quercicola is nested in the genus Schizotrema (Graphidaceae) as sister to S. zebrinum. The following new combinations are introduced: Porina multipuncta (Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Coppins & Frisch and Schizotrema quercicola (Coppins & P. James) Ertz, Frisch & Sanderson. Schizotrema quercicola represents the first record of the genus Schizotrema for Europe and the first sorediate member in this genus. The species is newly recorded from Norway. The lichenicolous habit of Arthonia invadens is confirmed.

A new corticolous lichen species Ramonia variospora is described from Brazil. It has a verrucose thallus, concave, initally almost closed apothecia and variably 8 or c. 32–64, 1-septate ascospores per ascus; when 8 per ascus, ellipsoid and 16–22×6–10 µm; when c. 32–64 per ascus, broadly ellipsoid and 10–14×6–8 µm. A revised world key is given to all currently known species of Ramonia.

Three new corticolous Diorygma species are described from Brazil. Diorygma incantatum has transversely 29–31-septate, filiform ascospores 105–108×6 µm, and produces an unidentified substance with Rf 44 in solvent C. Diorygma pauciseptatum produces norstictic and connorstictic acids and has transversely 7–9-septate, I+ blue-violet, large ascospores 28–32×7 µm, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath c. 2 µm wide that is often somewhat expanded at one end. Diorygma tocantinense contains protocetraric acid and has muriform, broadly fusiform ascospores with rounded ends, 24–40×10–15 µm, surrounded by an gelatinous sheath up to c. 5 µm wide that is somewhat expanded at central parts of the ascospore. A revised world key is given to all currently known species of Diorygma.

The following new corticolous species are described. Thelopsis cruciata Aptroot & M. Cáceres, with an olive-green thallus, immersed red-brown perithecia and c. 50–100 cruciate ascospores per ascus, 7–10×4–7 µm, from Brazil. Topelia argentinensis Aptroot, L. I. Ferraro & M. Cáceres, with a verrucose, partly almost isidiate, greenish grey thallus, immersed pinkish perithecia and 8 uniseriate muriform ascospores per ascus, 12–17×7–11 µm, from Argentina. Topelia tetraspora Aptroot & M. Cáceres, with a c. 0·1–0·6 mm thick layer of coralloid to usually flattened, irregularly palmately branched isidia c. 0·05 mm diam., ascospores 15–19×2–6-septate, muriform, ellipsoid, 39–50×11–16 µm, only up to 4 per ascus maturing, from Brazil. Thelopsis inordinata is reported for the first time from South America, from Guyana. A key is given to all currently known species of Topelia and Thelopsis. The distinction between these genera has become arbitrary with the recent addition of more or less intermediate species.

In the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platygramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided.

Graphis parvicarpa and Pallidogramme bengalense are described as new to science from India. Graphis parvicarpa is characterized by a striate excipulum, inspersed hymenium, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid in the thallus. Pallidogramme bengalense is characterized by a striate exciple, muriform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores, inspersed hymenium and no lichen substances in the thallus.

The new species Diploschistes elixii is described from Western Australia. It is characterized by perithecioid ascomata and large ascospores. It resembles D. hensseniae but is readily distinguished by larger ascospores (up to 45 μm), having lecanoric acid as major constituent, and an epruinose thallus surface. It is currently known from several localities in south-western Australia, where it grows on soil.