Se presenta el primer análisis composicional, morfológico y contextual de objetos metálicos de la Puna Meridional argentina (1430-2070 aP) para contribuir al conocimiento de la metalurgia centro-surandina del cobre, desde un espacio marginal a los principales centros productivos relacionados con esta tecnología. Mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido y análisis de energía dispersiva de rayos X (MEB-EDS) se identifican cobres sin alear y aleaciones de cobre-arsénico y de plomo-arsénico, con una variedad de elementos minoritarios que corresponderían a distintas menas y, potencialmente, distintos lugares de producción en los Andes centro sur. El metal habría circulado a largas distancias en distintos trayectos en el marco de las redes sociales que vincularon ámbitos a diferentes alturas en ambas vertientes andinas. La Puna Meridional constituiría un nodo en esta circulación durante el período Medio. Allí el metal se integró a rituales domésticos del grupo corresidente de fundación, de clausura y referidos al ciclo anual agropastoril, mediante los cuales se propiciarían sus animales domésticos y se reclamaría el territorio.

The San Pedro de Atacama oases, located in northern Chile’s hyperarid Atacama Desert, have been occupied for at least 3000 years. Here, we examine cemetery use in the oases, with emphasis on the Middle Period (ca. AD 400–1000). By modeling of a large corpus (n=243) of radiocarbon dates, over 90% of which are direct AMS assays of human bone collagen, we attempt to establish a temporal framework by which to explore the establishment of formalized social inequality in this period. Modeling of these dates at three locally defined scales (all ayllus, inter-ayllu, and intra-ayllu) permit heretofore unavailable insights into the chronological and spatial dimensions of life and mortuary activity in the oases and allow us to better contextualize patterns of social inequality during the dynamic Middle Period. The results of this modeling indicate two distinct peaks of occupation during the Middle Period in San Pedro and document significant temporal variability in cemetery use patterns on both inter- and intra-ayllu scales. These results stress the importance of local social and environmental factors to the occupation of the oases and provide crucial chronological structure for future archaeological and bioarchaeological research in the region.

Occupation of the Ambato Valley in north-western Argentina ended abruptly in around AD 1200, with destructive abandonment resulting in burnt and collapsed buildings. Analysis of broken pottery sherds from La Rinconada suggests that this may have been the outcome of a deliberate ‘closing’ activity. Re-fitted vessels were found to be largely complete despite extensive fragmentation; two portions of one vessel were 10m apart with a wall in between. Conjoining fragments of other vessels exhibited contrasting effects of thermal alteration, or were associated with lithic objects that may have been used to destroy them, or appeared to have been deliberately arranged. The evidence is altogether indicative of the intentional destruction and deposition of this material immediately prior to the burning of the site.