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2 results

  • Chapter 6 - Grave Dressing

  • from Part II - The Production of Solidarity and Hope
  • Vicki Squire, University of Warwick
  • Book:
    Europe's Migration Crisis
    Published online:
    16 September 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 163-189

  • Summary

    This chapter examines a third pro-migration activist intervention, which involves the dressing of unmarked graves at cemeteries in which the bodies of those who died en route are buried. It situates the intervention in relation to existing instruments of containment charted in Part I and shows how grave dressing challenges biopolitical, thanatopolitical and zoopolitical dynamics of governing migration through death and vulnerability by accounting for the lives of those who have died at sea. The chapter draws on research carried out in Lampedusa and considers how cemetery activism invokes dignity in death through the naming of the deceased and the marking of graves as sites of loss and mourning. In so doing, it shows how such interventions go beyond an action for the dead alone, albeit in terms that bring to bear tensions between and within a politics of pity and a politics of empathy. By exploring different strands of cemetery activism, the chapter highlights the critical importance of those interventions that involve a refusal of racialised processes of dehumanisation and that extend practices of mourning beyond commemoration in terms that render visible the normalisation of death and vulnerability. It shows how such interventions enact dignity in death through a politics of responsibility that directly challenges authorities for a failure to account for the lives of those lost or disappeared. Grave dressing in this regard not only draws attention to the problems of a politics orientated towards the security of home, but also recreates home in more hopeful terms, through the enactment of a politics of collective responsibility for deaths at sea in solidarity with both the living and the dead.

  • Vessel traffic affects bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behaviour in waters surrounding Lampedusa Island, south Italy

  • Elena Papale, Marta Azzolin, Cristina Giacoma
  • Journal:
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 92 / Issue 8 / December 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 July 2011, pp. 1877-1885

  • Since 2003, as part of the LIFE project ‘Del.Ta.’ (NAT/IT/000163) a bottlenose dolphin community has been studied in order to assess the impact of increasing boat traffic in the Pelagie Archipelago (Sicily, Italy). During the summer of 2006 and 2008, land-based surveys were carried out at Lampedusa, one of the Archipelago's Islands, at set hours from 6 locations (7 in 2008) in standard weather conditions. Continuous horizon scanning and focal group sampling methods were used to study dolphin presence and behaviour. Dolphin–boat interactions were recorded for each sighting. A total of approximately 559 hours were spent monitoring and 83 sightings were recorded. With regard to the different types of vessels, interaction with sailing boats was always neutral, whereas fast boats caused the interruption of all activities and avoidance behaviour. Positive interaction occasionally occurred with bottom trawling fishing boats. Interactions recorded when fishing and powered engine boats approached within 200 m predominantly resulted in a negative reaction from the dolphins (approximately 70%) and dolphin behaviour was affected in terms of occurrence and patterns. Behavioural analysis showed that the animals reduced the frequency of behaviours related to feeding, social and relaxing activities. The dolphins also increased information-gathering behaviour such as spyhopping. The use of Markovian chain models revealed evidence of disruptions in sub-sequences made up of behaviours often associated with feeding. After boat departures, the animals rarely restarted their previous activity and persistence of this effect could have long-term consequences as a result of non-habituation. Sighting duration also decreased in the presence of vessels. The possible negative long-term effect of the presence of boats may be indicated by the lower mean sighting duration in 2008, when the highest presence of powered engine boats was recorded. In view of the scenario outlined above, local authorities need to enforce the requirement of maintaining a distance of over 200 m away from the animals for all types of boat and also promote regular land-based surveys of vessel impacts for tourist boats and dolphin watching cruises.