This chapter discusses the cultural features during the Late Palaeolithic and Epi-Palaeolithic of northern Africa. Chronologically, the cultural manifestations included under the terms Late Palaeolithic and Epi-Palaeolithic correspond to what are usually called Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in Europe. The most important Palaeolithic discoveries from Libya have been made in the north-eastern province of Cyrenaica, but a few finds have also been made further west along the coast in Sirtica and Tripolitania. In late Pleistocene times, the Nile was the central fact of human occupation in Egypt and the northern Sudan. The Jeziret el-Maghrib or 'Island of the West' extends for about 3000 km from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Gabes, and includes the northern parts of the states of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The climate in the Maghrib was cool and relatively dry during the late Pleistocene and there are no indications of true pluvial conditions during the time of the Last or Wiirm Glaciation of Europe.