Samsu-iluna’s suppression of the Great Rebellion did not cause long-term harm to Babylonia. The succession of kings remained stable, defeated cities were not totally destroyed despite the rhetoric of victory. Southern cities adopted organic writing materials, so their activities are unknown to us. An archive that began in the reign of Hammurabi’s father continued to the end of this dynasty. Samsu-iluna’s huge project to divert floodwater from the Euphrates to protect Babylon was extended after the rebellion. Edicts for debt remission and to regulate trade continued to be issued. The use of Kassite and Elamite militias to garrison forts, Kish as a military base for Babylon, and a campaign to the north of Assyria, indicate organization and strength when the Assyrian trading colonies in Anatolia came to an end. Subsequent kings in Babylon won their own fame: Abi-eshuh for his literary works, Ammi-ditana for military achievements, Ammi-saduqa for being acknowledged as a god in Syria and Anatolia, for beating back rebels in the Sealand, for creating wonderful statues, and for recording astronomical observations. The last king of the dynasty enjoyed a long reign but came under pressure from the Hittites and Sealanders.

The later, typically Hittite form of the cuneiform script is a later development of the Old Babylonian cursive but finds its closest match in the cuneiform variant used in the Syrian kingdom of Yamhad. The mixture of sign shapes is the only one that adequately explains the particular Hittite variant. The heavy diplomatic and military involvement of the Old Kingdom kings Labarna, Hattusili I, and Mursili I provides the historical circumstances, in which the borrowing of the Syrian cuneiform could take place. This chapter ends with a brief introduction to the Hittite cuneiform script and system.