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2 results

  • 9 - Constructing Markets

  • H. Spencer Banzhaf, North Carolina State University
  • Book:
    Pricing the Priceless
    Published online:
    19 October 2023
    Print publication:
    02 November 2023, pp 200-223

  • Summary

    As economists took up the task of measuring the demand for environmental services not traded in markets, some chose to substituted survey-based methods known as contingent valuation (CV). Doing so, they could not help but find themselves in the uncomfortable position of self-evidently constructing their observations rather than merely observing them. Apparent anomalies between the constructs and the predictions for economic man led to a fierce debate over the merits of contingent valuation--a debate that hinged on the question of whether economic theory was being applied or tested.

  • Ethnic Differences in Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

  • Lawrence A. Palinkas, John S. Petterson, John C. Russell, Michael A. Downs
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue 1 / March 2004
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 102-112
    Print publication:
    March 2004
  • Introduction:

    Previous studies have reported ethnic differences in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the reasons for these differences remain unclear.

    Hypothesis:

    Ethnic differences in the prevalence of PTSD may reflect ethnic differences in (1) exposure to traumatic events; (2) appraisal of such event as traumatic; and (3) culturally-determined responses to standardized diagnostic instruments, reflecting differences in cultural meanings associated with physical symptoms and idioms of distress.

    Methods:

    Ethnic differences in risk factors and factor structures of PTSD symptoms were examined in 188 Alaskan Natives and 371 Euro-Americans exposed to the Exxon-Valdez oil spill in 1989.

    Results:

    High levels of social disruption were associated with PTSD one year after the oil spill in both ethnic groups. However, low family support, participation in spill clean-up activities, and a decline in subsistence activities were significantly associated with PTSD in Alaskan Natives, but not in Euro-Americans. Factor analysis of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule PTSD subscale revealed five factors for both ethnic groups. However, the items comprising these factors were dissimilar.

    Conclusions:

    These results suggest that social disruption is sufficiently traumatic to be associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress, but that a diagnosis of PTSD must take into consideration local interpretations of these symptoms.