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1 results

  • 23 - Living Standards in Iberia, 1800–2010

  • from Part III - Industrialization and Catching Up, 1800–2000
  • General editor Pedro Lains, Universidade de Lisboa
  • Edited by Leonor Freire Costa, Universidade de Lisboa, Regina Grafe, European University Institute, Florence, Alfonso Herranz-Loncán, Universitat de Barcelona, David Igual-Luis, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Vicente Pinilla, Universidad de Zaragoza, Hermínia Vasconcelos Vilar, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
  • Book:
    An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000
    Published online:
    22 February 2024
    Print publication:
    29 February 2024, pp 592-616

  • Summary

    During the nineteenth century, Iberia entered the path towards modern economic growth. Although industrialization occurred later than in other Western European countries, economic progress ultimately led to an unprecedented improvement in the standards of living. This chapter aims to analyse the evolution of such advances and, when possible, compare Iberia with its Western European counterparts. In so doing, it presents several indicators capturing different dimensions of well-being, average income, consumption patterns, height, life expectancy, and a synthetic measure, the Human Development Index (HDI). Income distribution is examined by looking at alternative inequality indicators: Gini coefficient, the extraction ratio and top income shares. Based on this information the long-run evolution of economic inequality is assessed. All in all, the evidence presented shows that economic progress and well-being significantly improved in Iberia since mid-nineteenth century, although this happened at a slower pace than in Western Europe.