Common teasel is an invasive and widespread weed in Argentina. Germination
experiments were carried out from 2011 to 2014 to determine the effect of
various environmental factors on germination and emergence. Germination of
recently dispersed seeds was 12% in darkness at constant temperature. In
contrast, seed exposure to light and alternating temperatures enhanced
germination to 95%. The requirement of light and alternating temperatures
suggest that common teasel has physiological dormancy. Several experiments
were carried out to determine whether (1) seed responses to light and
alternating temperatures have a hormonal basis, (2) seed coats can suppress
germination, and (3) time and thermal conditions during seed storage reduce
light and alternating temperature requirements. Germination was reduced (≤
13%) by a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor. In contrast, the presence of
gibberellins and an abscisic acid synthesis inhibitor increased germination
to 95 and 38%, respectively. Results suggest that a higher ratio among
gibberellins and abscisic acid (GA/ABA) leads to a break in dormancy.
Germination was 100% when embryos were excised, suggesting that seed coats
may suppress germination by mechanical restriction. Likewise, germination
was enhanced by hydrogen peroxide (70%). This compound is known to increase
GA/ABA ratio in agreement with a hormonal control of dormancy proposed for
common teasel. An increment of storage time reduces light and alternating
temperature requirements, allowing seeds to germinate in darkness. Taking
these results together confirms that common teasel has physiological
dormancy. Seedling emergence was progressively reduced from 70 to 8% by
increased burial depth from 0 to 3 cm. Information from these experiments
may facilitate development of effective management for common teasel.