In this chapter I apply the framework developed in Chapter 3 to the ICC Detention Centre. The chapter opens with an overview of who the ICC detains, and how the Detention Centre is managed. Then I identify the human rights obligations of the ICC and discuss the potential for human rights violations in connection with ICC detention. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to the myriad of accountability mechanisms available to ICC detainees: the administrative appeals procedure, pre-trial and appeals chambers, the Independent Oversight Mechanism, and domestic courts. Despite some promising aspects, these accountability mechanisms are also insufficient.

Chapter 3 focuses entirely on the reparation system at the ICC. The purpose of this chapter is to engage in an in-depth discussion of the development of reparative justice at the ICC, from theory to practice. This chapter analyzes some of the key challenges that the court is facing or will likely encounter in dealing with reparative justice within the context of international criminal prosecutions and trials. This chapter is devoted to fully engaging with the issues emerging from adding a reparative dimension in a primarily criminal process and how the criminal and civil dimension are intertwined, since reparations are dependent upon criminal conviction, and how both dimensions are reconciled in practice by the court and how they should be reconciled in the future. It also aims to provide a timely and original in-depth discussion of the first four cases dealing with reparations, which will pave the way and lay the foundation for the reparation system at the ICC for years to come. These cases are: the first case before the ICC (The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo), which established principles of reparations, and its concrete impact for the development of reparations at the court; the case of the The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, which presented a unique set of issues, including individual reparations of a modest amount; the case of the The Prosecutor v. Al Mahdi, which presented original questions such as the concept of victims of cultural heritage; and the case of the The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba, which is close to being decided at the time of writing, and will present unique challenges for the adjudication of reparations by the ICC considering the high number of victims authorized to participate in proceedings (more than 5,000). This in-depth analysis of cases is original and precisely one of the factors that distinguishes this volume from previous books in the field. A comparison of this ground-breaking jurisprudence informs how the decisions of the court align and diverge on key issues, shed light on unique challenges the court is facing and provides room for some recommendations for future development, based on concrete experiences.

The International Criminal Court is a distinct international organization headquartered in The Hague. It works in close cooperation with the United Nations but is independent of it. The Court is composed of four ‘organs’: the Presidency, the Chambers, the Office of the Prosecutor and the Registry. The Presidency consists of the President and the two Vice-Presidents, who are elected by the Plenary of judges. Judges are elected by the Assembly of States Parties to terms of nine years; they must be nationals of a State Party. The judges are constituted into Divisions, for Appeals, Trials and Pre-Trial proceedings. Within each division may be one or more Chambers. The Appeals Chamber is generally composed of five judges while the other Chambers are generally made up of three judges, although a Single Judge may issue rulings in some cases. The head of the Office of the Prosecutor is the Prosecutor, who is elected to a nine-year term by the Assembly of States Parties. The Registrar is nominated by the judges but elected by the Assembly of States Parties and serves a term of five years. The Registrar is the principal administrative officer. The Court’s annual budget is proposed by its organs but must be confirmed by the Assembly of States Parties.