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6 results

Language in Britain and Ireland
  • 3rd edition
  • Edited by Susan Fox
  • Published online:
    17 October 2024
    Print publication:
    31 October 2024
  • Britain and Ireland are home to a rich array of spoken and signed languages and dialects. Language is ever evolving, in its diversity, and in the number and the backgrounds of its speakers, and so, too, are the tools and methods used for researching language. Now in its third edition, this book brings together a team of experts to provide cutting-edge linguistic and sociolinguistic information about all the major varieties of language used across Britain and Ireland today. Fully updated, this edition covers topics including the history of English, the relationship between standard and nonstandard Englishes, multilingualism in Britain and Ireland, and the educational and policy planning implications of this linguistic diversity. Chapters are also dedicated to specific language varieties, including comprehensive descriptions of the Celtic languages, nonstandard regional varieties, sign languages, and urban contact varieties. It is essential reading for academic researchers and students of sociolinguistics and education.
Multilingualism in Early Medieval Britain

Multilingualism in Early Medieval Britain
  • Lindy Brady
  • Published online:
    19 September 2023
    Print publication:
    12 October 2023
  • In the words of its own historians, pre-Norman Britain held five languages and four peoples. Yet in modern scholarship, Old English is too often studied separately from the other languages that surrounded it. This Element offers a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence from the pre-Norman period that situates Old English as one of several living languages that together formed the basis of a vibrant oral and written literary culture in early medieval Britain. Each section centres around a key thematic topic and is illustrated through a series of memorable case studies that encapsulate the extent to which multilingualism appeared in every facet of life in early medieval Britain: religious and scholarly; political and military; economic and cultural; intellectual and artistic. The Element makes an overall argument for the dynamic extent of transcultural literary and linguistic culture in early medieval Britain before the arrival of the Normans.

  • 9 - Celtic

  • Edited by Thomas Olander, University of Copenhagen
  • Book:
    The Indo-European Language Family
    Published online:
    15 September 2022
    Print publication:
    22 September 2022, pp 135-151
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  • Summary

    This chapter provides an overview of the main distinguishing features of the Celtic branch of Indo-European. It furthermore discussses the internal relationship between the branches of Celtic, specifically the position of Brittonic. The main arguments in favour of Gallo-Brittonic and Insular Celtic are evaluated.

  • Observing linguistic evolution in an Irish archipelago

  • Séamas Ó Direáin
  • Journal:
    Journal of Linguistic Geography / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 October 2021, pp. 28-39

  • This article describes the results of a research project carried out over a period of 25 years on the spoken Irish Gaelic of the Aran Islands, Co. Galway, Ireland. It combines microdialectology with sociolinguistics and investigates a wide range of phonological, grammatical, and lexical variables. In addition to revealing complex patterns of geolinguistic variation involving small local areas on the main island and on neighboring islands, it also shows the clear influence of age, gender, and individual creativity on the patterns of variation.

  • 2 - Languages of Europe

  • Asya Pereltsvaig
  • Book:
    Languages of the World
    Published online:
    30 September 2020
    Print publication:
    03 September 2020, pp 43-74

  • Summary

    This chapter covers languages spoken in Europe, focusing primarily on the Indo-European languages. The internal classification of the Indo-European family is provided and the branches of the family that are represented in Europe are covered in detail. The discovery of the Indo-European family in the late 1700s and the continuing controversy surrounding the “homeland” of the Indo-European languages are discussed. A separate section is dedicated to non-Indo-European languages of Europe, with special focus on Basque, an isolate language. The final section delves into endangered languages of Europe.

  • 19 - Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the Twelfth Century

  • Edited by David Luscombe, University of Sheffield, Jonathan Riley-Smith, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 October 2004, pp 581-610

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the development and after-effects of the Norman Conquest of England in Scotland, Wales and Ireland, which made they felt far into the twelfth century and beyond. As in England, long reigns made for political stability, strengthened by the fact that the five rulers represented only two different generations. Three brothers, Edgar, Alexander I and David I, were followed by David's two older grandsons, Malcolm IV and William I 'the Lion'. The Welsh, united culturally by their use of a P-Celtic version of the common Celtic family of languages, were a pastoral people organized in clans, recognizing the superior chiefship of warring dynasties which would claim the right to provide a king over a distinct gwlad. In Irish history the twelfth century must always be the age of conquest, mostly belonging to families of Norman, Flemish, Breton or other continental background, exploited their military skills and techniques to acquire kingdoms and trading towns in the south of Ireland.