A 7-year-old girl visited the outpatient clinic because of difficulty walking. She had never managed to run properly, and experienced frequent falls ever since she began walking independently at the age of 18 months. Jumping was not possible, and when stepping up or down, she needed support below her arms. There was no fluctuation of symptoms during the day, but she had suffered from periods that could last several weeks in which using the stairs was completely impossible. She was unable to blow up a balloon and her speech was slow and poorly articulated. There were no complaints about chewing or swallowing. She had a healthy non-identical twin sister and the family history was unremarkable.

The impact of climate change on the distribution of fish stocks and other marine species is a pervasive problem that causes governance issues and threatens the rule of law for the oceans. Fish moving across static jurisdictional and management boundaries may become unregulated and risk being overexploited. Shifting fish stocks threaten the certainty, predictability and stability of the international fisheries legal framework, and undermine conservation and management measures by coastal States and regional fisheries organisations, impeding sustainable exploitation and conservation of global fish stocks. This chapter assesses whether and to what extent the international legal framework adequately places an obligation upon States to adapt to the complexities caused by MLRs shifting their location, to maintain the rule of law. It assesses whether the key principles and obligations under the international framework are fit for purpose to address these issues. It indicates that there is a general obligation on States, either individually or collectively, to adapt the management of marine living resources to the effects of climate change. It concludes with potential solutions which may strengthen an adaptive response.