This Section provides examples of saints’ lives from around the millennium, in the works of Ælfric and Wulfstan of Winchester on the life of Æthelwold, in the work of the author known as ‘B.’ on the life of St. Dunstan (an excerpt describing a miracle involving Dunstan’s harp in the house of a woman where Dunstan was designing an embroidery) with excerpts from the biographies of DUnstan written by post-Conquest writers, namely Osbern of Canterbury, Eadmer and William of Malmesbury, for the sake of comparison. Finally an excerpt is given from Byrhtferth’s life of bishop Oswald, describing his role at the coronation in Bath of king Edgar in 973.

This chapter begins with an account of the roles of Charlemagne and Alcuin in supporting the study of computus and astronomy in the Carolingian Empire. It then offers an outline of the expanded astronomical and meteorological information found in Carolingian ‘encyclopedias’ of computus. A key problem for users of these collections was the lack of accurate astronomical observations and calculations, which enforced continuing dependence on lists of short-term ‘signs’ of coming weather, mostly derived from Pliny. One attempt to improve the range of knowledge available took the form of beautifully illuminated versions of Aratus’ long poem, in volumes known as Aratea. The dissemination of this body of information is traced through analyses of surviving manuscripts, which demonstrate the resources being devoted to the subject across mainland Europe. Separate consideration is given to Anglo-Saxon England, where Viking conquests and wars had caused serious disruption, and where the teaching of Abbo of Fleury, and his pupil Byrhtferth, was crucial. The chapter argues that possession of superior astronomical and meteorological knowledge was highly vaued by rulers in both secular and spiritual spheres.