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1 results

  • 16 - The Bias of Crowds: Rethinking Implicit Bias in Social Context

  • from Section IV - Improving Measurement and Theorizing About Implicit Bias
  • Edited by Jon A. Krosnick, Stanford University, California, Tobias H. Stark, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Amanda L. Scott, The Strategy Team, Columbus, Ohio
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Implicit Bias and Racism
    Published online:
    21 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025, pp 456-471

  • Summary

    Implicit bias has always been understood as an individual attitude that is rooted in one’s social environment. However, in practice, the field has focused more heavily on the individual attitude, to the neglect of the social environment. In this chapter, we describe an alternative view of implicit bias – the Bias of Crowds model – that reinterprets implicit bias as a feature of social contexts more than persons. In doing so, we argue that, akin to the “wisdom of crowds” effect, implicit bias may emerge as the aggregate effect of individual fluctuations in concept accessibility that are transitory and context-dependent. We also explain how this novel interpretation of implicit bias resolves long-standing concerns regarding the temporal instability and weak predictive validity of implicit attitudes measures. Finally, we review direct empirical tests of the model and its predictions and consider future avenues for research, as well as theoretical and practical implications.