A novel Ag/AgBr/Nb2O5 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully developed via a facile solvothermal method combined with deposition–precipitation. The morphology and composition of the Ag/AgBr/Nb2O5 photocatalyst were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that metallic Ag was formed on the surface of the AgBr by an in situ photoreaction. The low crystalline Nb2O5 (L-Nb2O5) substrate provides the photocatalyst with a high specific area and numerous active sites for catalysis, while the combination of the Ag/AgBr with L-Nb2O5 effectively facilitates the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were measured using the degradation of an aqueous solution of rhodamine B under different LEDs with UV (365 nm), yellow (595 nm), and white (400 nm ≤ λ ≤ 800 nm) light. The Ag/AgBr/L-Nb2O5 photocatalyst displayed a much higher photocatalytic activity than bare L-Nb2O5 under UV and visible-light irradiation.