The chapter considers essential components of any effective treatment or intervention, and the need to adapt standard approaches for people seeking asylum, how this may be done, and the limitations of the ‘evidence base’. Barriers to accessing intervention are discussed, and the need for services that address the complexities of interpretation and cultural differences.

Therapeutic relationships are reviewed, andcollaborative work is emphasised.

Therapeutic organisation is also important: early intervention, a conducive setting, continuity of care, and minimising pitfalls of onward referral. Mental and physical health care should be integrated as far as possible, with attention to communication with other professionals and feedback to the client. Consideration is given to how to identify starting points for an intervention. Interventions for specific groups are reviewed, including gender and sexuality, and related to torture, trafficking and sexual violence. Work in inpatient settings and immigration removal centres isconsidered. Remote working is reviewed, as is the possible therapeutic role of medicolegal assessment. Ways of ending treatment constructively are discussed.