Pollen analysis has long been recognised as of key importance to archaeology for environmental reconstruction, but its application has concentrated on prehistory. This is, perhaps, due to a combination of two factors. First, there has been a greater interest by pollen analysts in questions relating to prehistoric than historic environments. Second, there are fewer suitable sequences available for later periods, especially from peat deposits where the upper layers have often been disturbed or removed by peat cutting. There is, however, an increasing amount of pollen-analytical data relevant to the first millennium A.D., and the purpose of this paper is to collate this information in order to illustrate the nature of the environment of Roman Britain.