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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Members of Households Actively Monitored or Quarantined to Prevent Transmission of Ebola Virus Disease — Margibi County, Liberia: February-March 2015
- Jason A. Wilken, Paran Pordell, Brant Goode, Rachel Jarteh, Zayzay Miller, Benjamin G. Saygar, Sr., Leroy Maximore, Watta M. Borbor, Moses Carmue, Gregory W. Walker, Adolphus Yeiah
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 32 / Issue 6 / December 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 July 2017, pp. 673-678
- Print publication:
- December 2017
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Background
In early 2015, a patient from a cluster of cases of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Monrovia, Liberia traveled to a rural village in Margibi County, potentially exposing numerous persons. The patient died in the village and post-mortem testing confirmed Ebola Virus infection.
ProblemThe Margibi County Health Team (CHT; Kakata, Margibi, Liberia) needed to prevent further transmission of EVD within and outside of the affected villages, and they needed to better understand the factors that support or impede compliance with measures to stop the spread of EVD.
MethodsIn February-March 2015, the Margibi CHT instituted a 21-day quarantine and active monitoring for two villages where the patient had contact with numerous residents, and a 21-day active monitoring for five other villages where the patient had possible contact with an unknown number of persons. One contact developed EVD and quarantine was extended an additional 12 days in one village. In April 2015, the Margibi CHT conducted a household-based EVD knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey of the seven villages. From April 24-29, 2015, interview teams approached every household in the seven villages and collected information on demographics, knowledge of EVD, attitudes about quarantine to prevent the spread of EVD, and their quarantine experiences and practices. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
ResultsOne hundred fifteen interviews were conducted, representing the majority of the households in the seven villages. Most (99%) correctly identified touching an infected person’s body fluids and contact with the body of someone who has died from EVD as transmission routes. However, interviewees sometimes incorrectly identified mosquito bites (58%) and airborne spread (32%) as routes of EVD transmission, and 72% incorrectly identified the longest EVD incubation period as ≤seven days. Eight of 16 households in the two quarantined villages (50%) reported times when there was not enough water or food during quarantine. Nine of 16 (56%) reported that a household member had illnesses or injuries during quarantine; of these, all (100%) obtained care from a clinic, hospital, or Ebola treatment unit (ETU).
ConclusionResidents’ knowledge of EVD transmission routes and incubation period were suboptimal. Public health authorities should consider assessing residents’ understanding of Ebola transmission routes and effectively educate them to ensure correct understanding. Quarantined residents should be provided with sufficient food, water, and access to medical care.
,Wilken JA ,Pordell P ,Goode B ,Jarteh R ,Miller Z ,Saygar BG Sr. ,Maximore L ,Borbor WM ,Carmue M ,Walker GW .Yeiah A Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Members of Households Actively Monitored or Quarantined to Prevent Transmission of Ebola Virus Disease — Margibi County, Liberia: February-March 2015 . Prehosp Disaster Med.2017 ;32 (6 ):673 –678 .
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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Experiments on the effect of suction on the flow due to a rotating disk
- N. Gregory, W. S. Walker
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / October 1960
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 March 2006, pp. 225-234
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The stability and transition Reynolds numbers for the flow due to a disk rotating in still air were increased by low rates of suction through either a woven wire-cloth or a slitted surface. Observations on the slitted disk at rotational speeds between 550 and 1250 r.p.m. showed that the critical value of the Reynolds number r2ω/ν for instability increased from about 135,000 without suction to nearly 250,000 for a value of the suction parameter a of 0·4. The corresponding values for transition increased from about 275,000 to about 400,000. A given increase in stability Reynolds number required about 75% more suction than that theoretically predicted for uniform distributed suction, a satisfactory result in view of the limitations of the apparatus.
At higher rates of suction (0·4 < a < 1·6), the reduction in secondary flow allowed transverse turbulent contamination to spread inwards from the rim. Consequently the vortices associated with secondary-flow instability were not found, though disturbances of larger wavelength appeared. Intermittent turbulent flow was spread over a much larger region of the disk and no laminar flow could be obtained above a Reynolds number of 400,000, Owing to this feature of the flow, it was not possible to extend laminar flow to values of the unit Reynolds number (ratio of stream velocity to kinematic viscosity) corresponding to flight conditions on a swept-back wing. It is concluded that the rotating disk is not a satisfactory tool for the investigation of the effects of suction on secondary-flow instabilities such as arise in the case of a swept-back wing, or for the testing of suction surfaces.
Christina S. Jarvis, The Male Body at War: American Masculinity during World War II (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004, $43). Pp. xiii+243. ISBN 0-8758-0322-9.
- GREGORY W. WALKER
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- Journal of American Studies / Volume 39 / Issue 2 / August 2005
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- 23 August 2005, pp. 322-324
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- August 2005
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