Appendix 2 Valid and Invalid Inference Rules for Counterfactuals
Valid | Invalid |
---|---|
ϕ χ, ϕ & χ ψ ⊨ ϕ ψ | ϕ □→ χ, χ ψ ⊨ ϕ ψ |
ϕ χ, □[χ ⊃ ψ] ⊨ ϕ ψ | □[ϕ ⊃ χ], χ ψ ⊨ ϕ ψ |
ϕ ψ, ϕ χ ⊨ ϕ & χ ψ | ϕ ψ ⊨ ϕ & χ ψ |
□[ϕ ≡ χ], χ ψ ⊨ ϕ ψ | |
ϕ χ, χ ϕ, χ ψ ⊨ ϕ ψ | |
χ ϕ, χ & ϕ ψ ⊨ χ ψ | |
χ ϕ, χ & ϕ ψ ⊨ χ ψ | |
□[ϕ ⊃ ψ] ⊨ ϕ ψ |
(Further valid and invalid inference rules involving counterfactuals can be found in Lewis Reference Lewis1973b: 31–36 and Reference Lewis1973c.)