As already mentioned in this Magazine (September, 1911), the Swedish geologist, Professor Alfred Elis Törnebohm, died on April 21, 1911, at the age of 72.

8. Arenaceous Strata unconformable on an Oil-generating Formation.—Occasionally a formation, though a parent source of petroleum, does not contain porous rocks suitable for oil accumulation. But a second formation resting unconformably upon the first may be admirably situated for receiving and storing the oil, for this second formation probably contains the necessary sandstones, and also all the unconformable strata are likely to be more or less arpaeeous where they abut against the plane of unconformity, thus facilitating the transfer of the oil from the rocks below (Fig. 9). Cases of this kind occur in California in the Coalinga Oilfield, where oil is obtained from sandstones in the Miocene which lies unconformably over the Eocene; also in Roumania, where the Meotic formation transgresses over the Saliferous.

The Cleveland Dyke is well exposed low down on the left bank of the River Tees, near the junction of this river and the Lune, being washed at flood-times by the water. It trends in a direction north of west, and can be traced for a distance of several hundred yards: its thickness is difficult to estimate as the north edge is covered by drift. The tachylite variety of the rock is only exposed for a few yards, and has only been found at this point—about 100 yards west of the junction of the Lune and Tees. The dyke here appears to occur in sheets very like successive lava-flows, and during cooling a columnar structure has been developed and the bases of the columns, mostly hexagons, face the river.

Of late years it has become manifest that the igneous rocks of the Carboniferous in Central Scotland have a distinct alkaline facies. Such rocks as monchiquite, nepheline-basalt, mugearite, kulaite, phonolite, essexite, and teschenite have been described from the Lothians; whilst in the western counties nepheline-phonolite, theralite, mugearite, and teschenite are already known. There is abundant evidence, however, that in the West the alkaline phase is of later date than in the Lothians, and of late Carboniferous or Permian age. In Arran it probably extended into the Triassic, assuming that the stratigraphy which assigns certain rocks to the Triassic is correct. A general account of this connected suite of alkaline rocks, together with the lavas in the Mauchline Basin, to which they can be shown to be genetically related, is given in this paper, which deals only with rocks demonstrably later than the volcanics of the Calciferous Sandstone. The work on which this paper is based was commenced in 1908, and was assisted in 1909 by a grant from the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society, for which grateful acknowledgment is made. An unfortunate breakdown in health, however, necessitated the postponement of the investigation for nearly a year. It is still incomplete owing to the difficulty of obtaining adequate chemical analyses, without which it is impossible accurately to determine the affinities of some of the rocks. Pending the completion of the detailed work it has been thought advisable to present this preliminary account of an igneous suite of extraordinary variety and interest.

The Upper Carboniferous rocks of the Ingleton Coal-field in North-West Yorkshire present a difficult study, and at the present time they are very imperfectly known. As mapped by the Geological Survey, there is apparently a perfect succession, passing up from the Yoredales, through the Millstone Grits, to the Lower and Middle Coal-measures. The coal-measures are in part overlain hy a series of red rocks, which have been assigned to the Permian, as in the case of other of the Midland Coal-fields. In the index of the Survey map of the north-eastern portion of the coal-field, the Deep Coal is taken as the top of the Lower, and the bottom of the Middle Coal-measures.

A Short time ago a Devonian fossil of considerable interest was found in the grits of the Ladock neighbourhood. It had been found by a workman in a road-heap on the Grampound Road and was placed for preservation in the Truro Museum. A cast was kindly made by Mr. C. Davies Sherborn and presented to the Museum of Practical Geology [22466]. This fossil was named Orthis sp., and is referred to as such in the Memoir of the Geological Survey on the geology of the country near Newquay (p. 35).