Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T10:30:05.103Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gene Flow Between Red Rice (Oryza sativa) and Herbicide-Resistant Rice (O. sativa): Implications for Weed Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

David R. Gealy ,
Donna H. Mitten  and
J. Neil Rutger
David R. Gealy*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, P.O. Box 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160
Donna H. Mitten
Affiliation:
Bayer Crop Science, P.O. Box 8479, Woodland, CA 95776
J. Neil Rutger
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, P.O. Box 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Red rice has long been a troublesome, conspecific weed of cultivated rice. Rice varieties carrying certain herbicide-resistant traits acquired through genetic modification (herbicide-resistant varieties) now offer new options for red rice control. In concert with this innovation is the risk of gene flow, which can result in the transfer of that specific herbicide resistance to red rice and thus render this weed control measure ineffective. Gene flow in concept is simple, however, the parameters that determine the establishment of a new trait in a weed population are complex. Cross-pollination to make hybrid seed and the subsequent fate of those hybrid families in the general weed population are some of the biological factors that influence gene flow between red rice and cultivated rice. Natural outcrossing among rice plants is generally low. Most of the pollen dispersal studies published to date indicated that rice × rice outcrossing rates were less than 1.0%. Numerous reports summarized in this study suggest that outcrossing rates between rice and red rice can be highly variable but usually are similar to or lower than this level. However, once hybrids form, they may introgress into a red rice population within only a few generations. If hybrid seed families are to persist and establish herbicide-resistant red rice populations, they must successfully compete in the crop–weed complex. The ability to survive a herbicide applied to a herbicide-resistant rice variety would be a strong selective advantage for these hybrid families. Thus, the well-established principles of weed resistance management appear to be relevant for herbicide-resistant crop systems and should be used in combination with practices to minimize coincident flowering to mitigate the potential impact of gene flow from herbicide-resistant rice into red rice. For the rice–red rice crop–weed complex, there are both biological factors and agricultural practices that can work together to preserve these new weed control options.

Keywords

Red rice, Oryza sativa L. # ORYSArice, Oryza sativa L.Genetically modified organismglufosinateglyphosateherbicide tolerantimazethapyrintrogressionoutcrossingpollen transfertransgenic riceALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18)bar, bialophos resistantEPA, Environmental Protection AgencyGMO, genetically modified organismPCR, polymerase chain reactionUSDA, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Type
Commentary
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 627 - 645
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Adair, C. R. 1934. Studies on blooming in rice. Agron. J. 26:965–973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous. 1995. How to Minimize Resistance Risks and How to Respond to Cases of Suspected and Confirmed Resistance?. Herbicide Resistance Action Committee: Web page: http://PlantProtection.org/HRAC. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
Azzini, L. E. and Rutger, J. N. 1982. Amount of outcrossing on different male steriles of rice. Crop Sci. 22:905–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beachell, H. M., Adair, C. R., Jodon, N. E., Davis, L. L., and Jones, J. 1938. Extent of natural crossing in rice. Agron. J. 30:743–753.Google Scholar
Carlson, D., Lloyd, R., Harden, J., Whatley, T., Hackworth, M., and Mazour, C. 2002. Clearfield production system-Newpath herbicide (imazethapyr) for use with Clearfield rice. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 42:63.Google Scholar
Chang, T. T. 2002. Origin, domestication, and diversification. in Smith, C. W. and Dilday, R. H., eds. Rice Origin, History, Technology, and Production. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley. Pp. 3–25.Google Scholar
Chen, L. J., Suh, H. S., Lee, D. S., Gang, W. Y., Jung, J. Y., and Kim, S. S. 2002. Field assessment of herbicide resistance gene flow to weedy rice (Oryza sativa) [abstract]. in International Rice Congress; September 16–20, 2002; Beijing, China. P. 273.Google Scholar
Childs, N. and Burdett, A. 2000. The U.S. rice export market. Rice Situation and Outlook Yearbook. Washington, DC: Market and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. November 2000, RCS-2000. Pp. 48–54. Web page: www.ers.usda.gov.Google Scholar
Cho, Y. C., Chung, T. Y., and Suh, H. S. 1995. Genetic characteristics of Korean weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) by RFLP analysis. Euphytica 86:103–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clegg, M. T., Giddings, L. V., Lewis, C. S., and Barton, J. H. 1993. Rice Biosafety. World Bank Technical Paper. Biotechnology Ser. 1. p. 37 plus attachments. Washington, DC: USDA-APHIS.Google Scholar
Cohn, M. A. and Castle, L. 1984. Dormancy in red rice. IV. Response of unimbibed and imbibing seeds to nitrogen dioxide. Physiol. Plant. 60:552–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, M. A. and Hughes, J. A. 1986. Seed dormancy in red rice. V. Response to azide, hydroxylamine, and cyanide. Plant Physiol. 80:531–533.Google Scholar
Croughan, T. P. 1998. Herbicide Resistant Rice. U.S. patent 5,773,704.Google Scholar
Daou, H. and Talbert, R. E. 1999. Control of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice (Oryza sativa) with carbaryl/propanil mixtures. Weed Technol. 13:65–70.Google Scholar
Diggle, A. J. and Neve, P. 2001. The population dynamics and genetics of herbicide resistance—a modeling approach. in Powles, S. B. and Shaner, D. L., eds. Herbicide Resistance and World Grains. New York: CRC Press. Pp. 61–99.Google Scholar
Dilday, R. H., Harrison, S., Moldenhauer, K. A., Yan, W. G., Baldwin, F., and Khodayari, K. 1998. Rice germplasm tolerant to sulfosate (Touchdown). in Norman, R. J. and Johnston, T. H., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies–1997. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Series 460. Pp. 336–340.Google Scholar
Dillon, T. L., Talbert, R. E., and Baldwin, F. L. 2001. A three year overview of weed control in Clearfield rice. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 54:43.Google Scholar
Dunand, R. T. 1988. Red Rice—Its Impact on Grain Quality and Its Cultural Control: A Review of Research in Louisiana, 1960–1982. Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, LSU Agricultural Center Bull. 792. 18 p.Google Scholar
Estorninos, L. E. Jr. 2000. Interference and Genetic Characterization of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Rice (O. sativa). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. 149 p.Google Scholar
Estorninos, L. E. Jr., Gealy, D. R., Dillon, T. L., Baldwin, F. L., Burgos, R. R., and Tai, T. H. 2002. Determination of hybridization between rice and red rice using four microsatellite markers. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 55:197–198.Google Scholar
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 1999. Food Balance Sheet. Product Rice (Paddy Equivalent): Web page: http://apps.fao.org. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
Federici, M. T., Vaughan, D., Tomooka, N., Kaga, A., Wang, X. W., Doi, K., Francis, M., Zorilla, G., and Saldain, N. 2001. Analysis of Uruguayan weedy rice genetic diversity using AFLP molecular markers. Electronic J. Biotechnol.: Web page: http://www.ejb.org/content/vol4/issue3/full/3/. Accessed: December 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrero, A. 2001. Biology and control of red rice (Oryza sativa L. var. sylvatica) infesting European rice fields. in Chataigner, J., ed. Medoyrzae—Interregional Cooperative Research Network on Rice in the Mediterranean Climate Areas. Montellier, France: FAO-CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Mediterranéen. Issue 9. Pp. 2–4.Google Scholar
Fischer, A. J., Areh, C. M., Bayer, D. E., and Hill, J. E. 2000. Herbicide-resistant Echinochloa oryzoides and E. phyllopogon in California Oryza sativa fields. Weed Sci. 48:225–230.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. R. and Black, H. L. 1998. Activity of glufosinate (Liberty) against red rice biotypes in glufosinate-resistant Gulfmont rice. in Norman, R. J. and Johnston, T. H., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies–1997. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station, Series 460. Pp. 41–48.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. R., Dilday, R. H., Baldwin, F. L., and Black, H. L. 1999. Imazethapyr (‘Pursuit’) effect on red rice (Oryza sativa L.) biotypes. in Norman, R. J. and Johnston, T. H., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies–1998. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station, Series 468. Pp. 79–89.Google Scholar
Gealy, D. R., Tai, T. H., and Sneller, C. H. 2002. Identification of red rice, rice, and hybrid populations using microsatellite markers. Weed Sci. 50:333–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I. and Lebaron, H. 2001. Introduction and overview of resistance. in Powles, S. B. and Shaner, D. L., eds. Herbicide Resistance and World Grains. New York: CRC Press. Pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Heap, I. M. 2002. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds: Web page: http://www.weedscience.com. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
Hill, J. E., Smith, R. J., and Bayer, D. E. 1994. Rice weed control: current technology and emerging issues in temperate rice. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 34:1021–1029.Google Scholar
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. The wild rices. in World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: J. Wiley. Pp. 531–547.Google Scholar
Hu, J. and Rutger, J. N. 1991. A streptomycin induced no-pollen male sterile mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L). J. Gen. Breed 45:349–352.Google Scholar
Jodon, N. E. 1938. Experiments on artificial hybridization of rice. Agron. J. 30:294–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, Y. S. 1999. Labor Saving Cultivation Technologies of Rice in Korea—Direct Seeding and Machine Transplanting. Suwon, South Korea: Rice Cultivation Research Division, National Crop Experiment Station, Rural Development Administration. 42 p.Google Scholar
Khatun, S. and Flowers, T. J. 1995. The estimation of pollen viability in rice. J. Exp. Bot. 46:151–154.Google Scholar
Kuang, H. H. and Tu, D. S. 1949. Studies on the fertile percentage in varietal crosses of rice hybrids. Agron. J. 41:195–199.Google Scholar
Langevin, S. A., Clay, K., and Grace, J. B. 1990. The incidence and effects of hybridization between cultivated rice and its related weed red rice (Oryza sativa L). Evolution 44:1000–1008.Google Scholar
Lin, S. S., Peterson, M. L., and Jones, D. B. 1974. Low temperature induced floret sterility in rice. in Proceeding of the Fifteenth Rice Technical Working Group. College Station, TX: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 22–23.Google Scholar
Marchezan, E., Xavier, F. M., Storck, L., and Vizzotto, V. R. 1998. Cropping systems as a way to control red rice. Pesqui. Agropecu. Gaucha. 4:133–137.Google Scholar
McKenzie, K. S., Rutger, J. N., and Peterson, M. L. 1980. Relation of seedling vigor to semidwarfism, early maturity, and pubescence in closely related rice lines. Crop Sci. 20:169–172.Google Scholar
Mese, M. D., Azzini, L. E., and Rutger, J. N. 1984. Isolation of genetic male sterile mutants in a semidwarf japonica rice cultivar. Crop Sci. 24:523–525.Google Scholar
Messeguer, J., Fogher, C., Guiderdoni, E., Marfa, V., Catala, M. M., Baldi, G., and Mele, E. 2001. Field assessments of gene flow from transgenic to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a herbicide resistance gene as tracer marker. Theor. Appl. Genet. 103:1151–1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michiels, F. and Johnson, K. 2001. Glufosinate Tolerant Rice. U.S. patent 6,333,449.Google Scholar
[NASS] National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. 2002. Statistical information (search commodity-rice-acreage) crop production-acreage-supplement (PCP-BB). Web page: http://www.nass.usda.gov. Accessed: July 2002.Google Scholar
Neves, R., Fleck, N. G., and Menezes, V. G. 1999. Effect of red rice, desiccated by non-selective herbicides, on irrigated rice: II. Grain yield and other agronomic characteristics. Pesqui. Agropecu. Gaucha. 5:63–70.Google Scholar
Neves, R., Fleck, N. G., Menezes, V. G., and Vidal, R. A. 1998. Effect of red rice, desiccated by non-selective herbicides, on irrigated rice. I—Plant establishment and development. Pesqui. Agropecu. Gaucha. 4:167–175.Google Scholar
Noldin, J. A. 1998. Red rice situation and management in the Americas. in International Symposium on Wild and Weedy Rices in Agro-ecosystem. Asian Pacific Weed Science Society. Pp. 36–41.Google Scholar
Noldin, J. A., Chandler, J. M., Ketchersid, M. L., and McCauley, G. N. 1999a. Red rice (Oryza sativa) biology. II. Ecotype sensitivity to herbicides. Weed Technol. 13:19–24.Google Scholar
Noldin, J. A., Chandler, J. M., and McCauley, G. N. 1999b. Red rice (Oryza sativa) biology. I. Characterization of red rice ecotypes. Weed Technol. 13:12–18.Google Scholar
Oard, J., Cohn, M. A., Linscombe, S., Gealy, D., and Gravios, K. 2000. Field evaluation of seed production, shattering, and dormancy in hybrid populations of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and the weed, red rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Sci. 157:13–22.Google Scholar
[OECD] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999a. Consensus document on general information concerning the genes and their enzymes that confer tolerance to glyphosate herbicide. Series on Harmonization of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology 10. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Web page: http://www.oecd.org. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
[OECD] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999b. Consensus document on general information concerning the genes and their enzymes that confer tolerance to phosphinothricin herbicide. Series on Harmonization of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology 11. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Web page: http://www.oecd.org. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
[OECD] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999c. Consensus document on the biology of Oryza sativa (rice). Series on Harmonization of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology 14. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Web page: http://www.oecd.org. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
Preston, C. and Mallory-Smith, C. A. 2001. Biochemical mechanisms, inheritance, and molecular genetics of herbicide resistance in weeds. in Powles, S. B. and Shaner, D. L., eds. Herbicide Resistance and World Grains. New York: CRC Press. Pp. 22–60.Google Scholar
Rajguru, S. N., Burgos, N. R., Gealy, D. R., and Stewart, J. McD. 2002. Genetic fingerprinting of red rice using SSR primers. in Norman, R. J. and Meullent, J.-F., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies–2001. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Series 495. Pp. 53–57. Web page: www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/publications. Accessed: November 2002.Google Scholar
Retzinger, E. J. Jr. and Mallory-Smith, C. 1997. Classification of herbicides by site of action for weed resistance management strategies. Weed Technol. 11:384–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutger, J. N. 1993. New World hybridization candidates for cultivated rice. in Clegg, M. T., Giddings, L. V., Lewis, C. S., and Barton, J. H., eds. Rice Biosafety. World Bank Technical Paper. Biotechnology Ser. 1. Washington, DC: USDA-APHIS. Pp. A-21–A-22.Google Scholar
Sanders, D. E., Linscombe, S., Cohn, M. A., and Strahan, R. E. 1998. Outcrossing potential of Liberty Link rice to red rice. in Proceeding of the Twenty-Seventh Rice Technical Working Group. P. 214.Google Scholar
Sanders, D. E., Oard, J., and Webster, E. 2000. Preliminary characterization of an imidazolinone rice mutant. in Proceeding of the Twenty-Eighth Rice Technical Working Group. P. 152.Google Scholar
Schmidt, R. R. 1997. HRAC classification of herbicides according to mode of action. in The Brighton Crop Protection conference—Weeds. Pp. 1133–1140.Google Scholar
Shaner, D. 1999. Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in the United States: history, occurrence, detection, and management. J. Weed Sci. Technol. 44:405–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, R. J. and Khush, G. S. 2000. Cytogenetics of rice. in Nanda, J. S., ed. Rice Breeding and Genetics—Research Priorities and Challenges. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. Pp. 287–311.Google Scholar
Slaton, N. 2001. Water seeded rice. in Slaton, N., ed. Rice Production Handbook. MP 192. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. Pp. 29–30.Google Scholar
Suh, H. S., Cho, J. H., and Heu, M. H. 1992a. Collection and evaluation of Korean red rices III. Cross affinity of Korean red rices with cultivars and foreign rices. Korean J. Breed 24:322–326.Google Scholar
Suh, H. S., Park, S. Z., and Heu, M. H. 1992b. Collection and evaluation of Korean red rices I. Regional distribution and seed characteristics. Korean J. Crop Sci. 37:425–430.Google Scholar
Suh, H. S., Sato, Y., and Morishima, H. 1997. Genetic characterization of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on morpho-physiology, isozymes and RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:316–321.Google Scholar
Tang, L. H. and Morishima, H. 1996. Genetic characteristics and origin of weedy rice. in Origin and Differentiation of Chinese Cultivated Rice. China Agricultural University Press. Pp. 211–218. Web page: http://www.carleton.ca/∼bgordon/Rice/papers/tang96.htm. Accessed: December 2002.Google Scholar
Tseng, S. T. 1972. Some factors that contribute to poor cross-pollination in rice. in Proceeding of the Fourteenth Rice Technical Working Group. College Station, TX: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. P. 21.Google Scholar
Valverde, B. E. and Itoh, K. 2001. World rice and herbicide resistance. in Powles, S. B. and Shaner, D. L., eds. Herbicide Resistance and World Grains. New York: CRC Press. Pp. 195–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valverde, B. E., Riches, C. R., and Caseley, J. C. 2000. Prevention and Management of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Rice: Experiences from Central America with Echinochloa colona . San Jose, Costa Rica: Camara Insumos Agropecuarios. 123 p. Web page: http://www.weedscience.com. Accessed: November 2002.Google Scholar
Vandiver, V., Hall, D., and Westbrooks, R. 1992. Discovery of Oryza rufipogon (Poaceae:Oryzeae), new to the United States, with its implications. SIDA 15:105–109.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. A., Watanabe, H., HilleRisLambers, D., Abdullah Zain, Md, and Tomooka, N. 1999. Weedy rice complexes in direct seeding rice cultures. in Proceeding of the International Symposium ‘World Food Security’, Kyoto. Pp. 277–280.Google Scholar
Vaughan, L. K., Ottis, B. V., Prazak-Havey, A. M., Bormans, C. A., Sneller, C., Chandler, J. M., and Park, W. D. 2001. Is all red rice found in commercial rice really Oryza sativa? Weed Sci. 49:468–476.Google Scholar
Wheeler, C. and TeBeest, D. 2002. Hybridization of glufosinate tolerant rice (Oryza sativa) and red rice (Oryza sativa). in Norman, R. J. and Meullent, J.-F., eds. B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies–2001. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Series 495. Pp. 58–64. Web page: www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/publications. Accessed: November 2002.Google Scholar
Zhang, N., Linscombe, S., and Oard, J. 2003. Outcrossing frequency and genetic analysis of hybrids between transgenic glufosinate herbicide-resistant rice and the weed, red rice. Euphytica. 130:35–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar