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Weed Community and Species Response to Crop Rotation, Tillage, and Nitrogen Fertility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Randy L. Anderson ,
Don L. Tanaka ,
Al L. Black  and
Edward E. Schweizer
Randy L. Anderson
Affiliation:
Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, CO 80720
Don L. Tanaka
Affiliation:
Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND 58554
Al L. Black
Affiliation:
Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, ND 58554
Edward E. Schweizer
Affiliation:
Fort Collins, CO 80525
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Abstract

Producers in the northern Great Plains are exploring alternative crop rotations, with the goal of replacing spring wheat-fallow. We characterized the weed associations occurring with tillage system and nitrogen level in two rotations, spring wheat (SW)-fallow (F) and SW-winter wheat (WW)-sunflower (SUN). Weed density was measured 10 yr after initiation of the study. With both rotations, weed community density was highest with no-till. For SW-F, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and fairy candelabra comprised 99% of the weed community, whereas 13 species were observed in SW-WW-SUN. Fairy candelabra, a rangeland species, was observed only in the no-till system of SW-F. In SW-WW-SUN, no-till favored kochia, Russian thistle, and foxtails, whereas common lambsquarters and annual sowthistle were more common in tilled systems. Nitrogen fertilizer increased crop competitiveness in SW-WW-SUN with no-till, subsequently reducing weed density. Cultural strategies that disrupt weed associations will aid producers in managing weeds.

Keywords

Annual sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. # SONOLcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALfairy candelabra, Androsace occidentalis Lunellgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. # KCHSCRussian thistle, Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau # SASKRyellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. # SETLUwheat, Triticum aestivum L.sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.Cultural strategiesweed associationAMAREAMBELAVEFACHEALEPHHTKCHSCPOLCOSASKRSETLUSETVISINARSONOLTAROFCT, conventional-tillF, fallowN, nitrogenNT, no-tillRT, reduced-tillSUN, sunflowerSW, spring wheatWW, winter wheat
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 1998 , pp. 531 - 536
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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