Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T08:19:35.305Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cole Crop (Brassica oleracea) Tolerance to Clomazone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Jon E. Scott  and
Leslie A. Weston
Jon E. Scott
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A laboratory bioassay was conducted to determine the differential tolerance of cole crops to clomazone as measured by extractable total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Clomazone concentrations causing 50% inhibition (I50) in the biosynthesis of total chlorophyll in broccoli, cauliflower, and green and red cabbage cotyledons were 16, 11, 3, and 11 μM, respectively, while I50 values for carotenoid levels were 20, 10, 4, and 8 μM clomazone, respectively. Therefore, broccoli was the most tolerant to clomazone based upon extractable chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations. Further laboratory studies were performed to investigate the basis for differential clomazone tolerance in 3-wk-old cole crop seedlings. No differences in total root uptake of 14C-clomazone were observed between these crops after 24 h. There were no differences in rate of metabolism of 14C-clomazone to methanol-soluble metabolites in roots of these crops. Percentage of polar metabolites in roots remained fairly constant over time. There were also no differences between crops in percentage of methanol-soluble 14C-clomazone metabolites formed in shoots between 24 and 96 h. In all crops, levels of 14C-clomazone decreased in a similar manner over time in methanolic extracts of roots and shoots while nonextractable 14C levels increased, indicating a conversion of clomazone to insoluble, nonextractable forms. Differential uptake, translocation, and metabolism do not appear to account for clomazone selectivity differences between cole crop seedlings.

Keywords

Clomazone, 2-[(2-chlorphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidionecole crops, Brassica oleracea L. broccoli ‘Green Comet’, cauliflower ‘Snow Crown’, green cabbage ‘Bravo’, and red cabbage ‘Solid Red hybrid 781’MetabolismselectivityFMC 57020dimethazonechlorophyllcarotenoids
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 40 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 7 - 11
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Duke, S. O., Kenyon, W. H., and Paul, R. N. 1985. FMC 57020 effects on chloroplast development in pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) cotyledons. Weed Sci. 33:786–794.Google Scholar
2. Hertz, L. B. and Lurvey, E. L. 1989. Weed control in transplanted broccoli grown on an organic soil. Res. Rep. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 46:38–39.Google Scholar
3. Hoagland, O. R. and Arnon, D. E. 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. No. 347. 32 pp.Google Scholar
4. Hopen, H. J., Hughes, R. L., Michaelis, B. A., Mather, J., and Bewick, T. A. 1986. Weed management in transplanted cabbage. Res. Rep. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 43:41.Google Scholar
5. Inskeep, W. P. and Bloom, P. R. 1985. Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N,N-dimethylformamide and 80% acetone. Plant Physiol. 77:483–485.Google Scholar
6. Mayfield, S. P., Nelson, T., Taylor, W. C., and Malkin, R. 1986. Carotenoid synthesis and pleiotropic effects in carotenoid-deficient seedlings of maize. Planta 169:23–32.Google Scholar
7. Orfanedes, M. S. and Masiunas, J. B. 1990. Herbicide evaluation in transplanted cabbage. Res. Rep. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 47:27.Google Scholar
8. Lützow, M., Beyer, P., and Kleinig, H. 1990. The herbicide Command does not inhibit the prenyl diphosphate-forming enzymes in plastids. Z. Naturforsch. 45c:856–858.Google Scholar
9. Norman, M. A., Liebl, R. A., and Widholm, J. M. 1990. Uptake and metabolism of clomazone in tolerant-soybean and susceptible-cotton photomixotrophic cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiol. 92:777–784.Google Scholar
10. Sandmann, G. and Böger, P. 1986. Interference of dimethazone with formation of terpenoid compounds. Z. Naturforsch. 41c:729–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Sandmann, G. and Böger, P. 1987. Interconversion of prenyl pyrophosphates and subsequent reactions in the presence of FMC 57020. Z. Naturforsch. 42c:803–807.Google Scholar
12. Scott, J. E. and Weston, L. A. 1989. Clomazone tolerance and weed control in selected cole crops. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 44:80–81.Google Scholar
13. Vencill, W. K., Hatzios, K. K., and Wilson, H. P. 1990. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-clomazone in soybean (Glycine max) and three Amaranthus weed species. J. Plant Growth Regul. 9:127–132.Google Scholar
14. Warfield, T. R., Carlson, D. B., Bellman, S. K., and Guscar, H. L. 1985. Weed control in soybeans using Command. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 25:105.Google Scholar
15. Weimer, M. R., Balke, N. E., and Buhler, D. D. 1990. Comparison of clomazone absorption, translocation, and metabolism by velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) and soybean seedlings. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 30:85.Google Scholar
16. Weston, L. A. and Barrett, M. 1989. Tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and bell pepper (Capsicum annum) to clomazone. Weed Sci. 37:285–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Weston, L. A. and Jones, R. T. 1990. Tolerance of transplanted bell peppers (Capsicum annum) to clomazone and diethatyl applied preemergent. Appl. Agric. Res. 5(1):13–16.Google Scholar
18. Weston, L. A., Jones, R. T., and Pelfrey, H. 1988. Cabbage herbicide trial, Quicksand. Kentucky Vegetable Crop Res. Prog. Rep. 317. Pages 17–22.Google Scholar