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Growth and Yield of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) Sprayed with Low Rates of Sulfonylurea and Phenoxy Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David R. Gealy ,
Chris M. Boerboom  and
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
David R. Gealy
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6416
Chris M. Boerboom
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6416
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
Affiliation:
USDA, Agric. Res. Serv., 165 Johnson Hall, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6416
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Abstract

Drift of sulfonylurea and phenoxy herbicides from spring cereal fields to nearby spring pea and lentil crops was simulated by spraying pea and lentil with 2,4-D or the 2:1 commercial mixture of thifensulfuron and tribenuron at rates of 0, 0.33, 1, 3.3, or 10% of the use rates (X) for spring cereal crops approximately 3 and 5 wk after planting pea and lentil. 2,4-D had minimal inhibitory effects on both crops at all rates tested. Lentil was slightly more sensitive than pea to 10% X 2,4-D. Thifensulfuron:tribenuron had no effect on either crop at rates less than 3.3% X. Two weeks after application of thifensulfuron:tribenuron, 10% X, and to a lesser degree 3.3% X rates, caused newly emerged leaves to become chlorotic, reducing chlorophyll content 25 to 50%. These treatments also reduced net photosynthesis by 37% and reduced or halted growth of the main stem. Early formation of leaves was reduced, thus tripling light penetration through the canopy. Five to six weeks after application, 10% X thifensulfuron:tribenuron had, in some treatments, more than tripled branching in pea, more than quadrupled branching in lentil, and reduced biomass as much as 42%. Flowering and maturity were delayed. Plants recovered from stunting by thifensulfuron:tribenuron to varying degrees depending on environmental conditions, and final seed yield generally was reduced less than 25%. In controlled greenhouse experiments, rate response to thifensulfuron generally was similar to that observed in field experiments. Pea was stunted less at 30 C than at 10 C, whereas lentil was affected similarly at these temperatures. Overall, visual symptoms from thifensulfuron:tribenuron exposure were more pronounced in pea than in lentil and were detectable at levels substantially lower than those that affected final seed yields.

Keywords

Tribenuron, 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acidthifensulfuron, 3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid2,4-D, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid‘Columbian’ Pea, Pisum sativum L.‘Brewer’ lentil, Lens culinaris L.Chemical trespassdriftphototoxicitychlorosis
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , December 1995 , pp. 640 - 647
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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