Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:42:47.640Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of Precursors and Analogs of Strigol as Witchweed (Striga asiatica) Seed Germination Stimulants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Armand B. Pepperman
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric, New Orleans, LA 70179
William J. Connick Jr.
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric, New Orleans, LA 70179
Sidney L. Vail
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric, New Orleans, LA 70179
A. Douglas Worsham
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650
Alexander D. Pavlista
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ. Currently Res. Biol., Plant Growth Regulator Discovery, Am. Cyanamid Co., Princeton, NJ 08540
Donald E. Moreland
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27650

Abstract

Thirty compounds that are precursors, analogs, derivatives, or fragments of strigol were prepared and tested for their activity as witchweed [Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze] seed-germination stimulators. Five compounds showed significant stimulatory activity. Among these were 5-ethoxy-3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, 3-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxaldehyde, a two-ring analog of strigol, and two isomers of a three-ring analog. Several of the other 25 compounds showed slight and/or non-reproducible activity when dimethylsulfoxide was used as the carrier at 0.1% (v/v) in aqueous solutions. Compounds with such diverse structures as trimethylcyclohexenes, furanones, and bicycloheptenones were among those that possessed some stimulatory activity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1982 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Brown, R. 1945. Effects of thiourea and allylthiourea on the germination of the seed of Striga lutea . Nature (London) 155:455456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Brown, R. 1965. The germination of angiospermous parasite seeds. Pages 925932 in Ruhland, W., ed. Handb. Pflanzenphysiol. Vol. 15, Part II. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York.Google Scholar
3. Cassady, J. M. and Howie, G. A. 1974. Synthesis and stereochemistry of dilactones related to strigol. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 512513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Connick, W. J. Jr. and Pepperman, A. B. 1981. Preparation, isolation, and HPLC separation of diastereomers of a strigol analog. J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:984986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Cook, C. E., Whichard, L. P., Turner, B., Wall, M. E., and Egley, G. H. 1966. Germination of witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.): Isolation and properties of a potent stimulant. Science. 154:11891190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Cook, C. E., Whichard, L. P., Wall, M. E., Egley, G. H., Coggon, P., Luhan, P. A., and McPhail, A. T. 1972. Germination stimulants. II. The structure of strigol – A potent seed germination stimulant for witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94:61986199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Eplee, R. E. 1975. Ethylene: A witchweed seed germination stimulant. Weed Sci. 23:433436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Heather, J. B., Mittal, R.S.D., and Sih, C. J. 1974. The total synthesis of dl-strigol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96:19761977.Google Scholar
9. Heather, J. B., Mittal, R.S.D., and Sih, C. J. 1976. Synthesis of the witchweed seed germination stimulant (±)-strigol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98:36613669.Google Scholar
10. Hsiao, A. I., Worsham, A. D., and Moreland, D. E. 1981. Regulation of witchweed (Striga asiatica) conditioning and germination by dl-strigol. Weed Sci. 29:101104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Johnson, A. W., Roseberry, G., and Parker, C. 1976. A novel approach to Striga and Orobanche control using synthetic germination stimulants. Weed Res. 16:223227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Pavlista, A. D. 1980. Today's Weed: Witchweed. Weeds Today. 11(2):1921.Google Scholar
13. Pavlista, A. D., Worsham, A. D. and Moreland, D. E. 1979. Witchweed seed germination. I. Effects of some chemical and physical treatments. Pages 219227 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. 2nd Symp. on Parasitic Weeds, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC.Google Scholar
14. Pavlista, A. D., Worsham, A. D., and Moreland, D. E. 1979. Witchweed seed germination. II. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of strigol and GR 7 and the effects of organic solvents. Pages 228237 in Musselman, L. J., Worsham, A. D., and Eplee, R. E., eds. Proc. 2nd Symposium on Parasitic Weeds, N.C. State Univ., Raleigh, NC.Google Scholar
15. Saunders, A. R. 1933. Studies in phanerogamic parasitism with particular reference to Striga lutea Lour. Union of South Africa Dep. Agric. Sci. Bull. No. 128. 56 pp.Google Scholar
16. Shaw, W. C., Shepherd, D. R., Robinson, E. L., and Sand, P. F. 1962. Advances in witchweed control. Weeds 10:182192.Google Scholar
17. Worsham, A. D., Klingman, G. C., and Moreland, D. E. 1962. Promotion of germination of Striga asiatica seed by coumarin derivatives and effects on seedling development. Nature (London) 195:199201.Google Scholar
18. Worsham, A. D., Moreland, D. E., and Klingman, G. C. 1959. Stimulation of Striga asiatica (witchweed) seed germination by 6-substituted purines. Science. 130:16541656.Google Scholar