Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T09:27:21.647Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

‘Crux Fidelis …’ Prolegomena to a History of the Holy Cross Hymns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2016

Joseph Szövérffy
Joseph Szövérffy*
Affiliation:
Boston Colleqe, Chestnut Hill, Mass
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It is over a decade since a study of legends of St. Peter in medieval Latin hymns appeared (Traditio 10 [1954] 275–322), followed not only by a number of other monographs but also by a more comprehensive investigation of the history of medieval Latin hymnody, now completed. The questions raised in that article in Traditio have still their significance and the search for a suitable method, or methods, in hymnology is not yet ended. Successive investigations in this field have gradually revealed some of the possibilities in hymnological research; we have noted that the study of legends and narrative sources reflected in hymn-texts may result in concrete discoveries which aid the analytic investigation of medieval hymns. Through them we often come to learn something about the contemporary intellectual trends and the ideas that were lingering in the minds of the people of those times. We also discover echoes of popular beliefs and cults by analyzing certain elements of the hymns. Further investigations in the terminology and style of the hymns can lead us to medieval exegetic and homiletic literature, to patristic sources and the like, which, too, left their imprint on Latin hymnody.

Type
Articles
Information
Traditio , Volume 22 , 1966 , pp. 1 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Fordham University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Josef Szövérffy, Annalen der lateinischen Hymnendichtung (2 vols.; Berlin 1964–1965). Google Scholar

2 Spearing, A. C., Criticism and Medieval Poetry (London 1964).Google Scholar

3 Ibid. 1.Google Scholar

4 Auerbach, Erich, Literatursprache und Publikum in der lateinischen Spätantike und im Mittelalter (Bern 1958), esp. 25–63.Google Scholar

5 Ernst Robert Curtius, Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter (Bern and Munich 1963), esp. 71–89 and 89–115. Google Scholar

6 Szövérffy, J. ‘Klassische Anspielungen und antike Elemente in mittelalterlichen Hymnen,’ Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 44 (1962) 148–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

7 PL 181.733. From the work ‘Vitis mystica.’ Google Scholar

8 Leclercq, H., ‘Croix (Signe de la),’ DACL 3.2. [1914] 3139–3144; Sauer, J. ‘Kreuz, II. Christl. Kreuzesformen, LThK2 6 (1961) 606–607. A very substantial contribution has been made to the study of the Holy Cross traditions by the publication of a dissertation under the direction of Professor Dr. Chr. Mohrmann, A. E. M.: Reijners, G. Q., The Terminology of the Holy Cross in Early Christian Literature as based upon Old Testament Typology (Nijmegen and Utrecht 1965), with a most valuable survey of the material and with an extensive bibliography (xII-XVII). Many features in the style of our hymns can be seen in new light as a result of this broadly based investigation, which uses both Greek sources and Latin.Google Scholar

9 Thoby, P., Le Crucifix des origines au concile de Trente: Etude iconographique (Nantes 1959), with a supplement (Nantes 1963); see also Pocknee, Cyril E. Cross and Crucifix (London 1962); Leclercq, H. ‘Croix et Crucifix.’ DACL 3.2. 3045–3131; Luchesi, E.-Palli, ‘Kreuz, VI,’ LThK2 6.610–612.Google Scholar

10 This literature is very extensive; a few items here to be referred to are: Meyer, W., ‘Die Geschichte des Kreuzholzes vor Christus’ Abh. Akad. Munich 16 (1882) 103–160; August Wünsche, Die Sagen vom Lebensbaum und Lebenswasser (Leipzig 1905); Straubinger, J. Die Kreuzauffindungslegende (Paderborn 1912); Jacoby, A., ‘Kreuzbaum, Kreuzholz,’ Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens, 5 (1933) 487–499; Esther Casier Quinn, The Quest of Seth (Chicago 1962), with a good but not complete bibliography. Also: Moshé Lazar, ‘La légende de l'arbre de Paradis’, Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 76 (1960) 34–63.Google Scholar

11 Leclercq, H., ‘Croix (Invention et exaltation de la vraie),’ DACL 3.2.3131–3139; Charles Coebergh, O.S.B., ‘Le sacramentaire gélasien ancien une compilation de clercs romanisants du VIIe siècle,’ Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft 7 (1962) 45–88; G. Römer, ‘Die Liturgie des Karfreitags,’ Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie 77 (1955) 39–93, esp. 81ff; G. Römer, ‘Kreuz, IV-V,’ LThK2 6.609–610.Google Scholar

12 See: Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens 10 (1942) s. v. ‘Kreuz,’ etc.; Romuald Bauerreiss, O.S.B., Arbor vitae : Der ‘Lebensbaum’ und seine Verwendung in Liturgie, Kunst und Brauchtum des Abendlandes (Abh. der Bayer. Benedikt. Akademie 3; 1938). Google Scholar

13 See the works of Meyer, W. and Quinn cited supra (n. 10). Quinn's statement that the Cross legend is ‘unique’ in this respect is based on a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of medieval legends. See p. 136.Google Scholar

14 See de Aldama, J. A. S.J., ‘ Adam typus futuri,’ Sacris erudiri 13 (1962) 266–280.Google Scholar

15 Jacobi a Voragine Legenda Aurea, ed. Graesse, Th. (Dresden and Leipzig 1846) 303–305,’ Papebroch, D., in AS, Mai 1 (Paris-Rome 1866) 365–70.Google Scholar

16 The Apocryphal New Testament ed. James, M. R. (Oxford 1926) 94–146.Google Scholar

17 Quoted by Jacoby, Handwörterbuch (cit. supra n. 10) 5. 489; text in Cyprianus, Opera, ed. Hartel, W., Hartel 3.3.305–308. Attributed to a Victorinus Poeta (saec. v?) in E, Dekkers, Clavis patrum latinorum (2nd ed. Sacris Erudiri 5 [1961]) no. 1458.Google Scholar

18 Leclercq, in DACL 3.2.3132, 3138. Google Scholar

19 Ibid. 3.2.3138.Google Scholar

20 Ibid. 3.2.3137; also 3.2.3131.Google Scholar

21 See above no. 11 and Michael Tarchnišvili, ‘Die Missa praesanctificatorum und ihre Feier am Karfreitag nach georgischen Quellen,’ Archiv für Liturgiewissenschaft 2 (1952) 75–80.Google Scholar

22 See PL 221, Index 234, s. v. Crux (col. 911–912), which seems to be utterly incomplete. Google Scholar

23 Gaston Laurion, ‘Essai de groupement des hymnes médiévales à la Croix,’ Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 6 (1963) 327–331. I here would thank Prof. Laurion for copying the texts of many of the hymns.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

24 I propose the following changes to Laurion's distribution: Google Scholar

VIIth / VIIIth century. Spain: 1.

Xth / XIth century. France: 27.

XIth century: Eliminate nos. 105, 2 and 27, also nos. 1 and 128.

XIth / XIIth century. No. 2

XIIth century. Add to Germany no. 111; eliminate no. 113 (England), 111 (Italy); add to Italy no. 128.

XIIIth century. Add to Germany nos. 100 and 105; add to France the sequences from the Ste. Chapelle collection (see below, p. 34); eliminate nos. 99, 100 (France) and add no. 99 to England.

XIIIth / XIVth century. Add to England no. 113, to France no. 4; drop no. 4 from the category ‘indéterminé.’

XVth century. Add no. 74 to France and drop the same from the group in Italy.

25 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 130; cf. Raby, F. J. E., A History of Christian Latin Poetry (Oxford 1953) 96 (according to whom these verses were often inscribed on medieval crosses) and Dekkers, Clavis patrum latinorum no. 1517.Google Scholar

26 Bulst, Walther, Hymni latini antiquissimi LXXV—Psalmi III (Heidelberg 1956) 33f.; Szövérffy Annalen I 71f.Google Scholar

27 James (cit. supra n. 16) 117ff.; Messenger, R. E., ‘The Descent Theme in Medieval Latin Hymns,’ T (ransactions of the) A(merican) P(hilological) A(ssociation) 67 (1936) 126–157.Google Scholar

28 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 112, 114 f.; Bulst 92.Google Scholar

29 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 128–140; Raby, Christian-Latin 86–95; Tardi, D. Fortunat (Paris 1927), Cf. Szövérffy, J., ‘Venantius Fortunatus and the Earliest Types of Holy Cross Hymns,’ Classical Folia 20 (1966) and, ibid. ‘Early Hymns and Sequences of the Holy Cross,’ 3ff.Google Scholar

30 Meyer, W., Der Gelegenheitsdichter Venantius Fortunatus (Berlin 1901). On Fortunatus see also: Br. Stäblein, ‘Fortunat,’ Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart 3. 583–587.Google Scholar

31 Brittain, F., Saint Radegund (Cambridge 1925); René Aigrain, Sainte Radegonde (Paris 1918).Google Scholar

32 Leclercq, H., in DACL 3.2.3133; PL 16.1399.Google Scholar

33 Venanti … Fortunati … opera poetica, ed. Leo, F. (MGH, Auct. ant. 4.1; Berlin 1881).Google Scholar

34 Peebles, B. M., ‘Fortunatus, Poet of the Holy Cross,” American Church Monthly 38 (July-Dec. 1935) 152–166.Google Scholar

35 Bulst 10 (cf. 18); Raby, Christian-Latin 33. Google Scholar

36 Bulst 17. Google Scholar

37 Raby, , Christian-Latin 90; Bulst 17; Cl. Blume, Unsere liturgischen Lieder (Regensburg 1932) 190.Google Scholar

38 Beare, William, Latin Verse and European Song (London 1957) 262.Google Scholar

39 Messenger, R. E., ‘Medieval Processional Hymns Before 1100,’ TAPA 80 (1949) 375–392; id., ‘Processional Hymnody of the Later Middle Ages,’ TAPA, 81 (1950) 185–199.Google Scholar

40 Raby, , Christian Latin 88.Google Scholar

41 Joseph Connelly (ed.), Hymns of the Roman Liturgy (Westminster, Md. 1957), 83ff.; cf. Szövérffy, Annalen II 444ff. Google Scholar

41a We note that Peebles sees affinities between the way the Tree of Life is presented in the ‘Pange Lingua’ and in the preface of the Cross used in Masses of Passiontide: ‘How closely this thought is paralleled in the Preface of the Cross used in Masses of Passiontide: “Because, on the wood of the Cross, thou gavest mankind salvation; that so, whence death arose, life might also rise again: and that the foe, who by a tree had conquered, by a tree also might be overcome …” The verbal resemblances indeed are in the Latin very close and it may well be that it was from Fortunatus that the Missal derives this eloquent passage’ (op. cit. supra n. 34) 163. Google Scholar

42 Leclercq, Jean, L'Idée de la royauté du Christ au moyen âge (Paris 1959).Google Scholar

43 Historia Francorum. ed. Krusch, B. and Levison, W. (MGH. Scr. rer. Merov. 1. 1; 2nd ed. Hanover 1951).Google Scholar

44 Gaselee, Stephen, The Transition from the Late Latin Lyric to the Medieval Love Poem (Cambridge 1931) 20f; Brittain, F., The Medieval Latin and Romance Lyric to A.D. 1300 (Cambridge 1951) 9.Google Scholar

45 Raby, F. J. E., in his The Oxford Book of Medieval Latin Verse (Oxford 1961) 460; cf. Gaselee 21.Google Scholar

46 Raby, , Christian Latin 92 n. 1; Strecker, K., in Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum/Anzeiger 51 (1909) 45. Peebles makes several references to the question of melodies associated with ‘Vexilla regis’ and ‘Pange lingua’ (cit. supra n. 34) 161 and 164; this present study avoids this issue since no full-scale investigation has been made of these questions, which, in any case demand an approach entirely different from that employed here. References should be made however to the following sources: Bruno Stäblein, ‘Zur Geschichte der choralen Pange-lingua-Melodie,’ in Der kultische Gesang der abendländischen Kirche, Dominicus Johner Festschrift, (Köln 1950) 72–75; Br. Stäblein (ed.), Monumenta monodica medii aevi I: Hymnen (I) (Kassel and Basel 1956) passim; see index s.v. ‘Pange lingua,’ ‘Vexilla regis,’ and ‘Crux fidelis’; some other hymns whose melodies are also printed are ‘Salve, crux sancta, salve mundi’ and also ‘Crux benedicta nitet,’ also listed in the index.Google Scholar

47 MGH, P(oetae) L(atini) A(evi) C(arolini). Google Scholar

48 Szövérffy, J. ‘Tuba mirum spargens sonum: Some Peculiarities of a Holy Cross Hymn,’ Aevum 32 (1958) 38–50, id. Annalen I 134.Google Scholar

49 Bulst 31f. (J. Halporn, W. in Traditio 19 [1963] 465, doubts that the alphabet in the first of these hymns was extended beyond the letter T); Raby, Christian Latin 20–21, Szövérffy, Annalen I 70ff., 76, 99 etc.; Leclercq, H., ‘Acrostiche,’ DACL 1 (1907) 356–372.Google Scholar

50 Szövérffy, ‘Tuba mirum’ 42–45 (with bibliography). Google Scholar

51 Szövérffy, J. ‘Eschatologie in mittelalterlichen Hymnen,’ Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie 79 (1960) 18–27.Google Scholar

52 Baumstark, A., ‘Der Orient und die Gesänge der Adoratio crucis,’ Jahrbuch für Liturgiewissenschaft 2 (1922) 1–17.Google Scholar

53 M. Férotin, Le Liber ordinum en usage dans l'église Wisigothique et Mozarabe d'Espagne (Paris 1904), 105ff.; cf. 193–204. Google Scholar

54 Baumstark 9. Google Scholar

55 Jenner, H., ‘Mozarabic Rite,’ Catholic Encyclopedia 10 (1911) 611–623 Cabrol, F. ‘Mozarabe (La Liturgie),’ DACL 12.1 (1935) 390–491; Bishop, W. C., The Mozarabic and Ambrosian Rites (London 1924).Google Scholar

56 Brou, L. O.S.B., ‘L'abolition de la liturgie mozarabe au XI e siècle,’ Hispania Sacra, 1 (1948) 229–324.Google Scholar

57 Meyer, H. B. S.J., ‘Crux decus es mundi: Alkuins Kreuz- und Osterfrömmigkeit,’ in Fischer, B. and Wagner, J. (ed.), Paschatis Sollemnia (Freiburg im Br. 1959) 96–107.Google Scholar

58 Leclercq, H., ‘Acrostiche, VIII. Poésies figurées,’ DACL 1 (1907) 369–372. Among more recent literature see Dieter Schaller, ‘Die karolingischen Figurengedichte des Cod. Bern. 212/ Medium Aevum Vivum: Festschrift für Walther Bulst (Heidelberg 1960) 22–47 (for ‘Crux decus es mundi’ see p. 22, 30–31, 34, 35f.); Fickermann, N., ‘Eine karolingische Kostbarkeit zwischen Figurengedichten der Zeit um 1500/ Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (West) 83 (1961–1962) 36–62, and Siegfried Gutenbrunner, ‘De nomine regine Theotrade,’ ibid. 278–280.Google Scholar

59 PL 107.133–294; see esp. 149–264. Google Scholar

60 Meyer (cit. supra n. 57) 103, CrossRefGoogle Scholar

60a Raban's Figurengedichte form a cycle which has no hymnic character in spite of its obviously panegyrical tone. It belongs to a literary genre that compares more to tractates and didactic poetry than to hymn traditions. Alcuin's hymn, on the other hand, stands on the border-line of hymnody and its prevalent tone is hymnlike. Google Scholar

61 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 81ff.; Prudentius, ed. by Thomson, H. J. (Loeb Classical Library: Cambridge, Mass. 1949) II 98–344; Lavarenne, M., Prudence (Paris 1943ff.) IV 22–200.Google Scholar

62 Szövérffy, J. ‘A Mirror of Medieval Culture: Saint Peter Hymns of the Middle Ages,’ Transactions of The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 42 (1965) 97–403; cf. 131f.; AH 27.228 and PLAC I 136.Google Scholar

63 Diaz, M. C. y Diaz, Index scriptorum latinorum medii aevi hispanorum (Madrid 1959)Google Scholar

64 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 350ff.Google Scholar

65 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 83f.; AH 50.37–40 (38–40); Thomson, Prudentius II 18–30 and Lavarenne, Prudence I 12–19.Google Scholar

66 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 342f.Google Scholar

67 Elfving, Lars, Etude lexicographique sur les séquences limousines (Stockholm 1962).Google Scholar

68 Chailley, J., L’école musicale de St.-Martial de Limoges jusqu’à la fin du XI e siècle (Paris 1960).Google Scholar

69 von den Steinen, W., Notker der Dichter und seine geistige Welt (Bern 1948); Editionsband 42 (text), 166 (notes); cf. Darstellungsband 232f.Google Scholar

70 Elfving 88–131. Google Scholar

71 Reijners (1965) 148ff. Google Scholar

72 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 21.Google Scholar

73 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 364f. Cf. Strecker, K., ‘Die metrischen Viten des hl. Ursmarus und des hl. Landelinus,’ Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 50 (1935) 147ff., esp. 150f.Google Scholar

74 See PL 184.751: ‘In cruce enim pendet omnis fructus vitae, quia ipsa est arbor vitae, quae est in medio paradisi: ipsa est altitudo et latitudo, sublimitas et profundum …’ This passage comes from the work Meditatio in Passionem et resurrectionem D.N. ascribed to Bernard of Clairvaux; we need not worry about the fact that Bernard's text is a century later. The same ideas, the same images often come in various early and late patristic texts with little or no variations; see Traditio 19 (1963) 132. Google Scholar

75 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 353ff.Google Scholar

76 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 369f.Google Scholar

77 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 393–398. Prayers to the Cross attributed to Peter Damiani: Wilmart, Dom A., O.S.B., Auteurs spirituels et textes dévots du moyen âge latin (Paris 1932) 138–146. A new critical edition, based on all the important manuscripts has recently been published: Margareta Lokrantz, L'opera poetica di Pier S. Damiani (Stockholm 1964); these three hymns are also included into this edition:Google Scholar

Crux orbis salus perditi Lonrantz 114

Crux mundi benedictio Lokrantz 115

Baiula tu pretii crux Lokrantz 71

The last hymn is listed in Lokrantz's index under its ‘refrain’ which begins with the words ‘Unica spes hominum.’ Cf. also Classical Folia 20 (1966) 10f.

78 See the article cited above n. 51. Google Scholar

79 Prudentius, , Peristeph. 1.61–62 (cf. Col. 2.14); Szövérffy, Annalen I 118, 143, 299, II 24 324 etc.Google Scholar

80 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 171; Norberg, D., Introduction à l'étude de la versification latine médiévale (Stockholm 1958) 62.Google Scholar

81 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 129, 137; Leo (cit. supra n. 33) 59–62 and AH 50.76ff.; Messenger, R. E., ‘Salve festa dies …,’ TAPA 78 (1947) 208–222.Google Scholar

82 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 343, 382.Google Scholar

83 Norberg 77. Google Scholar

84 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 376–379; Raby, Christian Latin Poetry 225ff.Google Scholar

85 Thomas, A., ‘Der mystische Keltertreter,’ Neue Saat 1 (1938) 295–301.Google Scholar

86 Quasten, J., ‘Sobria ebrietas in Ambrosius’ De Sacramentis,’ Miscellanea Liturgica in honorem Mohlberg L. C. (Rome 1948) 117–125; Lewy, H., Sobria ebrietas: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der antiken Mystik (Giessen 1929); Bulst 40 (‘Splendor paternae gloriae,’ str. 6/3–4).Google Scholar

87 Szövérffy, , Annalen I 409–412. Cf. Dreves, G. M. Gottschalk Mönch von Limburg an der Hardt und Propst von Aachen (Leipzig 1897). On Gottschalk see also: Melnicki, M., ‘Godescalcus Lintpurgensis,’ Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart 4.397–401.Google Scholar

88 W. von den Steinen, Notker der Dichter, Editionsband 130; Szövérffy, Annalen I 327f. Google Scholar

89 Sz, J. övérffy and Wynne, M., ‘Typology in Medieval Latin Hymns,’ Medievalia et Humanistica 12 (1958) 41–51, esp. 42–45, with bibliography.Google Scholar

90 Hopper, V., Medieval Number Symbolism (New York 1938); for Gottschalk's writing on the Holy Cross see above n. 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

91 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 23–24. Lampen, W., Thiofried von Echternach (Breslau 1920)Google Scholar

92 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 25ff.Google Scholar

93 Lind, L. R., The Malchi Vita S. of Reginald of Canterbury (Urbana, Illinois 1942), 143f.Google Scholar

94 Ibid. 142f.Google Scholar

95 Paul van den Yen, St. Jérôme et la Vie du moine Malchus (Louvain 1901). Google Scholar

96 Carleton Brown and Smithers, G. V., Religious Lyrics of the XIVth Century (Oxford 1952), passim, esp. 1, 2, 3, 88, 93, 94, etc.Google Scholar

97 Ibid., 243 (3) The passage in question belongs to a sermon of Caesarius (Aug. App. 249) which was reedited in Morin's collection: CCL 103.250–254 with a newly established text.Google Scholar

98 Szövérffy, Annalen II 57–76; Petri Abaelardi Peripatetici Palatini Hymnarius Paraclitensis, ed. by Dreves, G. M. (Paris 1891).Google Scholar

99 Raby, F. J. E., A History of Secular Latin Poetry (Oxford 1957) II 171–180.Google Scholar

100 Raby, , Oxford Book (cit. supra no. 45) 481; cf. Weisbein's article cited infra n. 103.Google Scholar

101 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 100–103, 107 (older editions listed).Google Scholar

102 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 17.Google Scholar

103 Weisbein, N. ‘Le Laudes crucis attollamus de Maître Hugues d'Orléans dit le Primat,’ Revue du moyen âge latin, 3 (1947) 5–26 Google Scholar

104 Gen. 28.12–13; Grippus, ‘Pour la fiche scala caeli, Revue du moyen âge latin 3 (1947) 367f. Google Scholar

105 On this number symbolism, see above, p. 25ff. Google Scholar

106 Num. 20.11. Google Scholar

107 Exod. 12.22f. Google Scholar

108 3 Reg. 17.1ff., esp. 17.10. Google Scholar

109 3 Reg. 17.14ff. Google Scholar

110 Jacobi a Voragine, Legenda Aurea (cit. supra n. 15) 306. Google Scholar

111 Ibid. 605ff.Google Scholar

112 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 192–202.Google Scholar

113 Ibid. 194; cf. AH 21.169, no. 238 and 21.22–23, no. 16.Google Scholar

113a Strecker, K. (ed.), Moralisch-satirische Gedichte Walters von Chatillon (Heidelberg 1929) 10f.Google Scholar

114 Fr. Wentzlaff, W.-Eggebert, Kreuzzugsdichtung des Mittelalters (Berlin 1960) 31ff. 161ff.; Szövérffy, Annalen II 144–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

115 Wentzlaff-Eggebert 168–172; Hagenmeyer, H. ‘Deux poésies relatives à la IIIe croisade,’ Archives de l'Orient latin 1 (1881) 580–585; Faral, E., Les Arts poétiques du XII e et XIII e siècle (Paris 1924) 197–262, esp. p. 211f. (lines 469–507).Google Scholar

116 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 540 (cf. II 54, with bibliography).Google Scholar

116a This subject is discussed by Meersseman, G. G., Der Hymnos Akathistos im Abendland (2 vols, Spicilegium Fribourgense 2, 3; Fribourg 1958, 1960) passim.Google Scholar

117 Hesbert, J. R., Le Prosaire de la Sainte Chapelle (Mâcon 1952). The Holy Cross sequences of this manuscript are dealt with in a recent brief note: Szövérffy, J., ‘Les proses de la Sainte Chapelle,’ Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 7 (1964) 494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

118 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 255ff.Google Scholar

119 ‘ Decus morum’ AH 52.182f. (183); cf. Szövérffy, Annalen II 212f., 257, etc.Google Scholar

119a A recent study deals with this hymn, which is apparently very wide-spread; it can be learned from this study that various melodies are found in the manuscripts which imply that it was sung: Fr. Gennrich, ‘Die Laudes sancte crucis der Hs Darmstatt Hessische Landesbibliothek 2777,’ in Organicae Voces: Jos. Smits van Waesberghe Festschrift (Amsterdam 1963) 45–58, with musical illustrations. According to Gennrich, one manuscript (Berlin Staatsbibliothek Ms theol. latin. Oct. 31, fol. 72) contains two melodies which are used in interesting combination: ‘Hier sind den beiden ersten Strophen Quadratnoten zugeordnet, zwei Melodien darstellend, die auf die Strophen der Dichtung zu verteilen sind. Es dürften Strophe 1, 14 and 15 auf die I., die übrigen Strophen auf die II. Melodie zu singen sein, so dass die Melodie I. das ganze umschliesst’ (ibid. 45). Google Scholar

120 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 415ff.Google Scholar

121 Ditsche, M., ‘Zur Herkunft und Bedeutung des Begriffes Devotio Moderna’ Hist. Jahrbuch 97 (1960) 124–145; Fr, H. Rosenfeld, ‘Zu den Anfängen der Devotio Moderna,’ Festgabe für Ulrich Pretzel (Berlin 1963) 239–252; Post, R. R., De moderne Devotie (Amsterdam 1950).Google Scholar

122 Raby, , Christian Latin 417f.Google Scholar

123 See the allusions to this in various Franciscan hymns: Szövérffy, Annalen II 211, 218, 323, 325. Google Scholar

124 Raby, , Christian Latin 418.Google Scholar

125 Meditations on the Life of Christ … trans. Isa Ragusa and Green, Rosalie B. (Princeton, N.J. 1961) with bibliography; see also: Szövérffy, Annalen II 255 n. 148, and Raby, Christian Latin 419ff.Google Scholar

126 Raby, , Christian Latin 419.Google Scholar

127 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 148f.; Ph. Delhaye, Le Microcosmus de Godefroy de St.-Victor (Lille 1951) 251–259. Text: AH 20.156–158, no. 199.Google Scholar

128 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 287–289. AH 54.312–318, no. 201.Google Scholar

129 PL 184.655 (cf. 657 and 727). Google Scholar

130 See above n. 23, with the minor changes there offered in his proposed chronology. Google Scholar

131 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 307ff.Google Scholar

132 Ibid. II 316f.Google Scholar

133 Szövérffy, , Annalen II 318–320; Solange Corbin, ‘Fêtes portugaises — Commémoraison de la victoire chrétienne de 1340,’ Bulletin hispanique 49 (1947) 205–218.Google Scholar

134 TAPA 78 (1947) 216. Google Scholar

135 They are found in MSS of the ‘Kreuzherren’ (Crucigeri); on this Order see A. van de Pasch, ‘Kreuzherren,’ LThK2 6.619–621. Google Scholar

136 Annalen II 138; Gröber, G., Übersicht über die lateinische Literatur (München 1963) 197.Google Scholar

137 Mayer, L., ‘Die Liturgie und der Geist der Gotik,’ Jahrbuch für Liturgiewissenschaft 6 (1926) 68–97. See also Halbach's remarks on the application of such literary terms to contemporary (A.D. 1150–1250) German literature: Deutsche Philologie im Aufriss, ed. Wolfgang Stammler (Berlin 1960) II 526.Google Scholar

138 Raby, , Christian Latin 355–363, etc.Google Scholar

139 H. de Lubac, Exégèse médiévale : Les quatre sens de l'Ecriture (4 vols. Paris 1959–62); see also René Roques, Structures théologiques de la gnose à Richard de Saint-Victor (Paris 1962) 375–391. Google Scholar