Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:50:31.030Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Luminous Blue Variables, cool hypergiants and some impostors in the H-R diagram

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2016

Roberta M. Humphreys
Roberta M. Humphreys*
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Current observations of the S Dor/LBVs and candidates and the implications for their important role in massive star evolution are reviewed. Recent observations of the cool hypergiants are altering our ideas about their evolutionary state, their atmospheres and winds, and the possible mechanisms for their asymmetric high mass loss episodes which may involve surface activity and magnetic fields. Recent results for IRC+10420, ρ Cas and VY CMa are highlighted. S Dor/LBVs in eruption, and the cool hypergiants in their high mass loss phases with their optically thick winds are not what their apparent spectra and temperatures imply; they are then ‘impostors’ on the H-R diagram. The importance of the very most massive stars, like η Carinae and the ‘supernovae impostors’ are also discussed.

Type
Part 1. Atmospheres of Massive Stars
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 212: A Massive Star Odyssey: From Main Sequence to Supernova , 2003 , pp. 38 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2003 

References

Beardsley, W.A. 1961, ApJS 5, 381.Google Scholar
Bidelman, W.P., McKellar, A. 1957, PASP 69, 31.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A.A., Boyarchuk, M.E., Petrov, P.P. 1988, in: Hanni, & Tuominen, (eds.), Proc. of the Sixth Soviet-Finnish Astronomical Meeting, Tartu Astrofuus Obs. Teated 92, 40.Google Scholar
Chapman, J.M., Cohen, R.J. 1986, MNRAS 220, 513.Google Scholar
Conti, P.S. 1984, in: Maeder, A. & Renzini, A. (eds.), Observational Tests of Stellar Evolution Theory, Proc. IAU Symp. No. 105 (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 233.Google Scholar
Davidson, K. 1987, ApJ 317, 760.Google Scholar
de Groot, M. 1988, Irish Astron. J. 18, 163.Google Scholar
de Jager, C. 1998, The A&A Review 8, 145.Google Scholar
de Jager, C., Lobel, A., Nieuwenhuijzen, H., Stothers, R. 2001, MNRAS 327, 452.Google Scholar
de Jager, C., Nieuwenhuijzen, H. 1997, MNRAS 290, L50.Google Scholar
Drissen, L., Roy, J.-R., Robert, C. 1997, ApJ 474, L35.Google Scholar
Drissen, L., Crowther, P.A., Smith, L.J., et al. 2001, ApJ 546, 484.Google Scholar
Eikenberry, S.S., Matthews, K., Garske, M.A., et al. 2001, BAAS 199, 9605.Google Scholar
Figer, D.F., Najarro, F., Morris, M., McLean, I.S., Geballe, T.R. 1998, ApJ 506, 384.Google Scholar
Filippenko, A.V. 2000, IAU Circular No. 7421.Google Scholar
Filippenko, A.V., Barth, A.J., Bower, G.C., Ho, L.C., et al. 1995, AJ 110, 2261.Google Scholar
Filippenko, A.V., Li, W.D., Modjaz, M. 1999, IAU Circular No. 7152.Google Scholar
Frattare, L.M., Zurek, D.R. 1999, BAAS 194, 8202.Google Scholar
Geballe, T.R., Najarro, F., Figer, D.F. 2000, ApJ 530, 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodrich, R.W., Stringfellow, G.S., Penrod, G.D., Filippenko, A.V. 1989, ApJ 342, 908.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M. 1999, in: Wolf, B., Stahl, O. & Fullerton, A.W. (eds.), Variable and Non-spherical Stellar Winds in Luminous Hot Stars, Proc. IAU Coll. No. 169 (Berlin: Springer), p. 243.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K. 1979, ApJ 232, 409.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K. 1984, Science 223, 243.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K. 1994, PASP 106, 1025.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K., Smith, N. 1999, PASP 111, 1124.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K., Smith, N. 2002, AJ 124, 1026.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Jones, T.J., Gehrz, R.D., 1987, AJ 94, 3151.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.M., Smith, N., Davidson, K., Jones, T.J., et al. 1997, AJ 114, 2778.Google Scholar
Israelian, G., Lobel, A., Schmidt, M. 1999, ApJ (Letters) 523, L145.Google Scholar
Jones, T.J., Humphreys, R.M., Gehrz, R.D., et al. 1993, ApJ 411, 323.Google Scholar
Klochkova, V.G., Yushkin, M.V., Chentsov, E.L., et al. 2002, Astron. Reports 46, 139.Google Scholar
Koenigsberger, G., Georgiev, L., Barbá, R., et al. 2000, ApJ 542, 428.Google Scholar
Kurtev, R., Sholukhova, O., Borissova, J., Georgiev, L. 2001, RMxAA 37, 57.Google Scholar
Kurtev, R., Corral, L.J., Georgiev, L. 1999, A&A 349, 796.Google Scholar
Lamers, H., de Groot, M. 1992, A&A 257, 153.Google Scholar
Lamers, H., Nota, A., Panagia, N., Smith, L.J., Langer, N. 2001, ApJ 551, 764.Google Scholar
Lobel, A., Dupree, A.K., Stefanik, R.P., Torres, G., et al. 2002, ApJ in press.Google Scholar
Massey, P., Bianchi, L., Hutchings, J.B., Stecher, T.P. 1996, ApJ 471, 203.Google Scholar
Massey, P., Waterhouse, E., DeGoia-Eastwood, K. 2000, AJ 119, 2214.Google Scholar
Monteverde, M.I., Herrero, A., Lennon, D.J., Kudritzki, R.-P. 1996, A&A 312, 24.Google Scholar
Nedoluha, G.E., Bowers, P.F. 1992, ApJ 392, 249.Google Scholar
O'Hara, T.B., Meixner, M., Speck, A.K., et al. 2001, BAAS 199, 13521.Google Scholar
Oudmaijer, R.D., Groenewegen, M.A.T., et al. 1996, MNRAS 280, 1062.Google Scholar
Pasquali, A, Comerón, F. 2002, A&A 382, 1005.Google Scholar
Pasquali, A, Nota, A., Smith, L.J., et al. 2002, AJ 124, 1625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robberto, M., Herbst, T.M. 1998, ApJ 498, 400.Google Scholar
Shemmer, O., Leibowitz, E., Szkody, P. 2000, MNRAS 311, 698.Google Scholar
Smith, L.J., Nota, A., Pasquali, A., et al. 1998, ApJ 503, 278.Google Scholar
Smith, N., Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K., et al. 2001, AJ 121, 1111.Google Scholar
Smith, N., Humphreys, R.M., Gehrz, R.D. 2001, PASP 113, 692.Google Scholar
Sterken, C., Arentoft, T., Duerbeck, H.W., Brogt, E. 1999, A&A 349, 532.Google Scholar
Stockdale, C.J., Rupen, M.P., Cowan, J.J., Chu, Y.-H., Joens, S.S. 2001, AJ 122, 283.Google Scholar
Tammann, G.A., Sandage, A. 1968, ApJ 151, 825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Triglio, C., Umana, G., Cohen, R.J. 1998, MNRAS 297, 497.Google Scholar
Ueta, T., Meixner, M., Dayal, A., et al. 2001, ApJ 548, 1020.Google Scholar
Van Dyk, S.D., Peng, C.Y., King, J.Y., et al. 2000, PASP 112, 1532.Google Scholar
Van Dyk, S.D., Filippenko, A.V., Li, W.D. 2002, PASP 114, 700.Google Scholar
van Genderen, A.M. 2001, A&A 366, 508.Google Scholar
Voors, R.H.M., Waters, L.B.F.M., de Koter, A., et al. 2000, A&A 356, 501.Google Scholar
Wagner, R.M., Vrba, F.J., Henden, A.A., et al. 2001, BAAS 32, 1474.Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M., Morris, P.W., Voors, R.H.M., Lamers, H., Trams, N.R. 1998, in: Waters, L.B.F.M., Waelkens, C., van der Hucht, K.A. & Zaal, P.A. (eds.), ISO's View on Stellar Evolution, Ap&SS 1255, 179.Google Scholar
Waters, L.B.F.M., Voors, R.H.M., Morris, P.W., Trams, N.R., de Koter, A., Lamers, H. 1999, in: Wolf, B., Stahl, O. & Fullerton, A.W. (eds.), Variable and Non-spherical Stellar Winds in Luminous Hot Stars, Proc. IAU Coll. No. 169 (Berlin: Springer), p. 381.Google Scholar