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Late Quaternary vegetation, climate, and fire history of the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain based on a 30,000-yr multi-proxy record from White Pond, South Carolina, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2019

Teresa R. Krause Open the ORCID record for Teresa R. Krause [Opens in a new window] ,
James M. Russell ,
Rui Zhang ,
John W. Williams  and
Stephen T. Jackson
Teresa R. Krause*
Affiliation:
Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1064 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
James M. Russell
Affiliation:
Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
Rui Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
John W. Williams
Affiliation:
Department of Geography and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Stephen T. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of the Interior Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1064 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, Augsburg University, 2211 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA. E-mail address: [email protected] (T.R. Krause).
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Abstract

The patterns and drivers of late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the southeastern United States are poorly understood due to low site density, problematic chronologies, and a paucity of independent paleoclimate proxy records. We present a well-dated (15 accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates) 30,000-yr record from White Pond, South Carolina that consists of high-resolution analyses of fossil pollen, macroscopic charcoal, and Sporormiella spores, and an independent paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl tetraethers. Between 30,000 and 20,000 cal yr BP, open Pinus-Picea forest grew under cold and dry conditions; elevated Quercus before 26,000 cal yr BP, however, suggest warmer conditions in the Southeast before the last glacial maximum, possibly corresponding to regionally warmer conditions associated with Heinrich event H2. Warming between 19,700 and 10,400 cal yr BP was accompanied by a transition from conifer-dominated to mesic hardwood forest. Sporormiella spores were not detected and charcoal was low during the late glacial period, suggesting megaherbivore grazers and fire were not locally important agents of vegetation change. Pinus returned to dominance during the Holocene, with step-like increases in Pinus at 10,400 and 6400 cal yr BP, while charcoal abundance increased tenfold, likely due to increased biomass burning associated with warmer conditions. Low-intensity surface fires increased after 1200 cal yr BP, possibly related to the establishment of the Mississippian culture in the Southeast.

Keywords

Southeastern United StatesPollenMacroscopic charcoalbrGDGTWhite Pond, SCNo-analog vegetationHoloceneGlacialDeglacial
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 91 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 861 - 880
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2018 

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