Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:20:40.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Les stéréotypies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

P. Mathis  and
A. Feline
P. Mathis
Affiliation:
Service de psychiatrie, Centre hospitalier de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
A. Feline
Affiliation:
Service de psychiatrie, Centre hospitalier de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
Get access

Résumé

Les différentes conceptions des stéréotypies sont passées en revue: celles des auteurs allemands, français et plus récemment celles du DSM-III R. Sur le plan descriptif, les stéréotypies de mouvement, de posture, du langage Parlé et écrit, des pensées et des hallucinations sont analysées en détail ainsi que leurs caractéristiques associées. Le rôle physiologique et développemental des stéréotypies chez l'enfant, leur valeur de défense lors de situations de tension ou face à la complexité de l'environnement, leur vertu compensatrice en l'absence de stimulation sensorielle sont soulignés. Chez les schizophrènes, 2 études font état de prévalence de 11 et 26% ; leur valeur pronostique est étudiée; la Présence de mouvements anormaux chez les schizophrènes est corrélée à un âge de début de la maladic plus précoce et un pronostic plus sombre. Chez l'enfant, la cécité congénitale, le retard mental et l'autisme sont les causes principales des stéréotypies pathologiques; le lien entre stéréotypies et conduite automutilatoires est discuté. Chez le dément, jusqu’à 77% du temps serait consacré à des activités stéréotypées. Enfin, l'aspect biochimique est envisagé; le modèle amphétaminique met en évidence le rôle de la dopamine dans la genèse des mouvements stéréotypés; néanmoins d'autres neurotransmetteurs semblent impliqués: acétylcholine, sérotonine, GABA, peptides opiacés.

Summary

Summary

The different conceptions of stereotypes have been studied; the German and French conceptions in particular and, more recently, the DMS III R rating scale. We give a description of stereotypes and associated features in different spheres: movement, posture, speech, writing, thinking and hallucinations. We have noticed their specific role in physiology and psychologic development, their defensive dimension during acute situations or confronted with a complex environment, their compensatory value in the absence of sensorial stimulation. Two separate studies, conducted on patients suffering from schizophrenia, have shown the prevalence of such a disorder to be about 11 and 26%, respectively.

The prognostic value has also been studied and, when abnormal movements exist, it seems that the illness begins earlier and the prognosis is worse. In young children, blindness, mental retardation and autism are the main causes of stereotypes. The relation between stereotypic and self-injurious behaviour is discussed. In demented subjects, 11 % of the activities are stereotypically related. Finally, the biochemical aspect is discussed. The amplietaminic model shows ‘hat dopamine plays a role in the creation of stereotypes although other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and opioid peptides may be involved.

Keywords

stéréotypieschizophrénieautismedémencedopaminestereotypeschizophreniaautismdementiadopamine
Type
Revue
Information
Psychiatry and Psychobiology , Volume 4 , Issue 6 , 1989 , pp. 357 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Abe, K.Oda, N. & Amatomi, M. (1984) Natural history and predictive significance of head-banging, headrolling and breath-holding spells. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 26, 644–648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abely, X. (1916) Les stéréotypies. Thèse médecine, ToulouseGoogle Scholar
Ajuriaguerra de, J.Rego, A. & Tissot, R. (1963) Activites motrices stéréotypées dans les démences du grand âge. Ann. Méd. Psychol. 121, 641–664Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987) DSM-III R. Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, N.C. (1987) The diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 13, 9–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antheaume, A. & Mignot, R. (1906) Rcmarques sur la stéréotypic Encéphale 4Google Scholar
Arnaud, M. (1986) Etude des stéréotypies dans I'autisme infantile. Psychiatr. Enfant 29, 387–420Google Scholar
Berkson, G. (1983) Repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 88, 239–246Google ScholarPubMed
Bleuler, E. (1950) Dementia Praeeox or the Group of Schizophrenia. International University Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Bracha, H.S. (1987) Asymmetric rotational (circling) behavior, a dopamine-related asymetry: preliminary findings in unmedicated and never-medicated schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry 22, 995–1003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracha, H.S.Seitz, D.J. & Otemaa, J. (1987) Rotational movement (circling) in normal humans: sex difference and relationship to hand, foot and eye preference. Brain Res. 411, 231–235CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cron, T.J.Cross, A.J. & Johnstone, E.C. (1982) Abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenia: are they related to the disease process or its treatment ? Are they associated with changes in dopamine receptors? J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2, 336–340Google Scholar
Dantzer, R. (1986) Behavioral, physiological and functional aspects of stereotyped behavior: a review and reinterpretation. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 1776–1786CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devenport, L.D.Devenpoort, J.A. & Holloway, F.A. (1981) Reward-induced stereotypy: modulation by the hippocampus. Science 212, 1288–1289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickinson, S.L. & Curzon, G. (1983) Roles of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in stereotyped and nonstereotyped behavior. Neuropharmacology 22, 805–812CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dromard, G. (1904) Etude psychologique sur la stereotypic. Rev. Psychiatr. 8, 278–293Google Scholar
Dromard, G. (1909) La Mimique chez les Aliéne's. AlcanGoogle Scholar
Ellinwood, E.H. Jr (1967) Amphetamine psychosis: description of the individuals and process. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 144, 273–283CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellinwood, E.H. Jr, Sudilovsky, A. & Nelson, L. (1973) Evolving behavior in the clinical and experimental amphetamine (model) psychosis. Am. J. Psychiatry 30, 1088–1093CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falret, R. (1864) Des Maladies Mentales et des Asiles d'Aliénés. J.B. Bailliere et Fils, ParisGoogle Scholar
Fog, R. (1972) On stereotyped and catalepsy: studies on the effect of amphetamines and neuroleptics in rats. Acta Neurol. Scand. 48 (Suppl. 50) 1–66Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1976) Au-delà du Principe de Plaisir. Essais de Psychanalyse. Payot, ParisGoogle Scholar
Gastaut, H.Zifkin, B. & Rufo, M. (1987) Compulsive respiratory stereotypies in children with autistic features: polygraphic recording and treatment with flenfuramine. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 17, 91–406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glick, S.D. & Cox, R.D. (1978) Nocturnal rotation in normal rats: correlations with amphetamine-induced rotation and effects of nigro-striatal lesions. Brain Res. 150, 149–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D., Gorman-Smith & Matson, J.L. (1985) A review of treatment research for self-injurious and stereotyped responding. J. Ment. Defic. Res. 29, 295–308Google Scholar
Guiraud, P. (1936) Analyse du symptôme stéréotype. L’Enéiphale 31, 229–273Google Scholar
Hagberg, B.Aicardi, J. & Dias, K. (1983) A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome. Report of 35 cases. Ann. Neurol. 14, 471–479CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinrichs, D.W. & Buchanan, R.W. (1988) Significance and meaning of neurological signs in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 145, 11–18Google Scholar
Hussian, R.A. & Hill, S.D. (1980) Stereotyped behavior in elderly patients with chronic organic mental disorder. J. Gerontol. 35, 689–691CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jammes, J.L. & Rosenberger, P.B. (1971) Rocking behavior and rate in the mentally retarded. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 153, 57–59CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janowsky, D.S. & Risch, C. (1979) Amphetamine psychosis and psychotic symptoms. Psychopharmacology 65, 3–77CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, I.H. (1965) Observations on schizophrenic stereoty-Pies. Compr. Psychiatry 6, 323–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahlbaum, K.L. (1973) Catatonia. Johns Hopkins University Press, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
King, R.Faull, K.F. & Stahl, S.M. (1985) Serotonin and schizophrenia: correlations between serotoninergic activity and schizophrenic motor behavior. Psychiatr. Res. 14, 235–240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1887) La psychose irréversible. In: Analytica 49. NavarinGoogle Scholar
Kryzhanovsky, G.N. & Aliev, M.N. (1981) The stereotyped behavior syndrome: a new model and pro-Posed therapy. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 14, 273–281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kryzhanovsky, G.N. & Aliev, M.N. (1984) The pathogenesis of stereotypic behavior. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 14, 232–240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Grow, S.J. & Repp, A.C. (1984) Stereotypic responding: a review of intervention research. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 88, 595–609Google Scholar
Levy, D.M. (1944) On the problem of movement restraint. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 14, 644–671CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M.McLean, W.E. Jr. & Bryson-Brockmann, W. (1984) Time-series analysis of stereotyped movements: relationship of body-rocking to cardiac activity. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 89, 287–294Google ScholarPubMed
Lourie, R.S. (1949) The role of rhythmic patterns in childhood. Am. J. Psychiatry 105, 653–660CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyon, N.Mejsholm, B. & Lyon, M. (1986) Stereotyped responding by schizophrenic outpatients: cross-cultural confirmation of perserveration switching on a twochoice task. J. Psychiatr. Res. 20, 137–150CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manschreck, T.C.Maher, B.A. & Ader, D. (1981) Formal thought disorder, the type-token ration and disturbed voluntary motor movement in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 139, 7–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manschreck, T.C.Maher, B.A. & Rucklos, M.E. (1981) Deficient motor synchrony in schizophrenia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 90, 321–328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manschreck, T.C.Maher, B.A. & Rucklos, M.E. (1982) Disturbed voluntary motor activity in schizophrenic disorder. Psychol. Med. 12, 73–84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manschreck, T.C.Maher, B.A. & Waller, N.G. (1985) Deficient motor synchrony in schizophrenic disorders: clinical correlates. Biol. Psychiatry 20, 990–1002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsden, CD.Tarsy, D. & Baldessarini, R.J. (1975) Spontaneous and drug-induced movements disorders in psychotic patients. In: Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease (Benson D.F. & Blumer D., eds.). Grime & Straton, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Meerloo, J.A.M. (1961) Rythm in babies and adults. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 5, 169–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, J.R. (1973) Catatonia: retarded and excited types. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 28, 39–41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ornitz, E.M.Brown, M.B. & Sorosky, A.D. (1970) Environmental modification of autistic behavior. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2, 560–565CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piaget, J. (1968) La Psychologie de l'Intelligence. Armand Colin, ParisGoogle Scholar
Racamier, P.C. (1976) Interprétation psychanalytique des schizophrénics. Encycl. Méd. Chir. Psychiatric Paris 37291 A10-llGoogle Scholar
Randrup, A. & Munkvad, I. (1967) Stereotyped activities produced by amphetamines in several animal species and man. Psychopharmacologia 11, 300–310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridley, R.M. & Baker, H.F. (1982) Stereotypy in monkeys and humans. Psychol. Med. 12, 61–72CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rojahn, J. (1986) Self-injurious and stereotypic behavior of noninstitutionalized mentally retarded people: prevalence and classification. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 91, 268–276Google ScholarPubMed
Sallustro, F. & Atwell, C.W. (1978) Body rocking, head banging and head rolling in normal children. Pediatrics 93, 704–708CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanson, J. & Albert, M.C. (1984) Varieties of perseveration. Neuropsychologia 22, 715–732CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S.S.Gallagher, R.J. & Berkson, G. (1986) Normal repetitive and abnormal stereotyped behavior of nonretarded infants and young mentally retarded children. Am. J. Ment. Defic. 90, 625–630Google ScholarPubMed
Snyder, S.H. (1973) Amphetamine psychosis: a “model“ schizophrenia mediated by catecholamines. Am. J. Psychiatry 130, 61–67CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soussignan, R. & Koch, P. (1985) Rhythmical stereotypies (leg-swinging) associated with reductions in heart-rate in normal school children. Biol. Psychol. 21, 161–167CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thelen, E. (1981) Rhytmical behavior in infancy: an ethological perspective. Dev. Psychol. 17, 237–257CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, G.J.Campion, E.W. & Silberfarb, P.M. (1975) Sensorimotor functions and cognitive disturbance in psychiatric patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 132, 17–21Google ScholarPubMed
Wallon, H. (1968) L'Evolution Psychologicpje de I'Enfant. Armand Colin, ParisGoogle Scholar
Weiden, P. (1986) Head and body rocking in schizophrenia. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 256, 3408Google Scholar
Werry, J.S.Carlielle, J. & Fitzpatrick, J. (1983) Rhythmic motor activities (stereotypies) in children under five: etiology and prevalence. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry 22, 329–336CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiesler, N.A.Hanson, R.H. & Chamberlain, T.P. (1985) Functional taxonomy of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior. Ment. Retard. 3, 230–234Google Scholar
Wing, L. (1981) Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account. Psychol. Med. 11, 115–129CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yarden, P. & Discipio, W. (1971) Abnormal movements and prognosis in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psvchiatry 128, 317–323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.