Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:43:19.739Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

FREE-ENERGY MODEL OF SENSE OF AGENCY FOR HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE DESIGN BASED ON COMPARATOR MODEL

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2023

Kensaku Taniyama  and
Hideyoshi Yanagisawa
Kensaku Taniyama*
Affiliation:
The University of Tokyo
Hideyoshi Yanagisawa
Affiliation:
The University of Tokyo
*
Taniyama, Kensaku, The University of Tokyo, Japan, [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Sense of agency is the sense that one is causing an action. The increase in machine or system autonomy leads to an increase in the loss of sense of agency for the operation causing the loss of pleasure in the operation or sense of responsibility for the consequences of operations. Designing a sense of agency is necessary, especially in the context of machine autonomy. This calls for the control of the sense of agency, which requires the construction of a model to predict the sense of agency and establishing a design methodology to manipulate the factors of sense of agency. We propose the mathematical model that predicts the sense of agency in a human-machine system based on the comparator model and free-energy principle and what to design to enhance the sense of agency. Proposed model explains the effects of prediction error, prediction uncertainty, and observation uncertainty for body, machine, and environment feedback on the sense of agency. The model generally reveals the interaction effect between prediction error and prediction uncertainty and between prediction error and observation uncertainty. The model prediction can be widely applied as a design guide for enhancing sense of agency of human-machine interfaces.

Keywords

Design methodologySense of AgencyMathematical modelDesign for interfacesExperience design
Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society , Volume 3: ICED23 , July 2023 , pp. 1945 - 1954
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

References

Bamba, M. and Yanagisawa, H. (2021), “Modelling sense of agency using information gain (An experimental evidence using varied response delay)”, Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese), Vol. 87, No. 893, pp. 20–00035. https://doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.20-00035CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, S.-J., Frith, C.D. and Wolpert, D.M. (1999), “Spatio-temporal prediction modulates the perception of self-produced stimuli”. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892999563607CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapanis, A. (1965), Man-machine engineering, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont.Google Scholar
Friston, K. (2010), “The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 11, pp. 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, K.J., Daunizeau, J., Kilner, J. et al. (2010), “Action and behavior: a free-energy formulation”. Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 102, pp. 227–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-010-0364-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, K., Kilner, J. and Harrison, L. (2006), “A free energy principle for the brain”, Journal of Physiology-Paris, Vol. 100, No. 1–3, pp. 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.10.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, C.D., Blakemore, S.-J. and Wolpert, D.M. (2000), “Explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia: Abnormalities in the awareness of action”, Brain Research Reviews, Vol. 31, No. 2–3, pp. 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00052-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallagher, S. (2000), “Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01417-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haering, C. and Kiesel, A. (2015), “Was it me when it happened too early? Experience of delayed effects shapes sense of agency”, Cognition, Vol. 136, pp. 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haggard, P. and Chambon, V. (2012), “Sense of agency”, Current biology, Vol. 22, No. 10, pp. 390–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Legaspi, R. and Toyoizumi, T. (2019), “A Bayesian psychophysics model of sense of agency”, Nature Communications, Vol. 10, p. 4250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12170-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, J.W. and Fletcher, P.C. (2012), “Sense of agency in health and disease: A review of cue integration approaches”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.08.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, J.W., Middleton, D., Haggard, P. and Fletcher, P.C. (2012), “Exploring implicit and explicit aspects of sense of agency”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 1748–1753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.10.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, J.W. and Obhi, S.S. (2012), “Intentional binding and the sense of agency: A review”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 546–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.12.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyholm, S. (2018), “Attributing agency to automated systems: Reflections on human–robot collaborations and responsibility-loci. Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 24, pp. 1201–1219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9943-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M.I. (1980), “Orienting of Attention”, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.3–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidarus, N., Vuorre, M. and Haggard, P. (2017), “How action selection influences the sense of agency: An ERP study”, NeuroImage, Vol. 150, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spengler, S., von Cramon, D.Y. and Brass, M. (2009), “Was it me or was it you? How the sense of agency originates from ideomotor learning revealed by fMRI”, NeuroImage, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.047CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Synofzik, M., Vosgerau, G. and Newen, A. (2008), “Beyond the comparator model: A multifactorial two-step account of agency”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 219–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2007.03.010CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taniyama, K., Maki, T. and Yanagisawa, H. (2021), “Modeling Sense of Agency using Free Energy”, International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5057/isase.2021-C000011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wen, W. (2019), “Does delay in feedback diminish sense of agency? A review”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 73, p. 102759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.05.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wen, W., Kuroki, Y. and Asama, H. (2019), “The Sense of Agency in Driving Automation”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02691CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wen, W., Yamashita, A. and Asama, H. (2015), “The influence of action-outcome delay and arousal on sense of agency and the intentional binding effect”, Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 36, pp. 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.06.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yanagisawa, H. (2021), “Free-Energy Model of Emotion Potential: Modeling Arousal Potential as Information Content Induced by Complexity and Novelty”, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol. 15, p. 698252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2021.698252CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, Q. and Yanagisawa, H. (2022), “Effects of Space Discrepancy and Latency on the Sense of Agency with Discrete and Continuous Operations”, International Journal of Affective Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.IJAE-D-21-00002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yano, S., Hayashi, Y., Murata, Y., Imamizu, H., Maeda, T. and Kondo, T. (2020), “Statistical Learning Model of the Sense of Agency”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.539957CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed