Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T10:00:42.084Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Starch equivalents, ration standards and milk production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2016

K. L. Blaxter
K. L. Blaxter*
Affiliation:
The Hannah Dairy Research Institute, Kirkhill, Ayr
Get access

Extract

The methods which we use in this country to calculate the rations for our livestock are based on studies made in Germany during the period 1890-1909, and in America at about the same time. These methods have been amended from time to time as the results of other studies have accrued, but, in the main, their basis lies in a few dozen experiments made by Kellner and Kuhn at Leipzig with steers and a very much smaller number made with milking cows. This basic information, expanded in many respects and certainly extrapolated well beyond its admittedly limited experimental foundation, is collected in two sets of tables in the books dealing with the feeding of livestock. One gives the requirements of different classes of stock in terms of energy values and the other gives the energy value of the common feeding stuffs.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production , Volume 1956 , 1956 , pp. 3 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © The British Society of Animal Production 1956

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armsby, H. P., 1917. The Nutrition of Farm Animals. Macmillan Co., New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxter, K. L., 1944. Experiments on the use of home grown foods for milk production. II. The effect of feeding concentrated and bulky foods prior to calving on subsequent milk production. J. agric. Sci., 34: 27.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. L., 1950. Energy feeding standards for dairy cattle. Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 20: 1.Google Scholar
Blaxter, K. I., & Graham, N. McC., 1955. Plane of nutrition and starch equivalents. J. agric. Sci., 46: 292.Google Scholar
Campbell, I. L., & Flux, D. S., 1948. The relationship between level of nutrition during the dry period and subsequent performance of dairy cattle. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod., 8th Ann. Conf. 1948: 61.Google Scholar
Denmark, , 1951. Report from the Danish National FAO-Committee to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). May 1951. [Copenhagen.]Google Scholar
Flux, D. S., 1950. The effect of undernutrition before calving on the quantity and composition of milk produced by two-year-old heifers. J. agric. Sci., 40: 177.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, 1948. Dairy products FAO Commod. Ser. [Wash.], No. 4. Google Scholar
Forbes, E. B., Braman, W. W., & Kriss, M., 1928. The energy metabolism of cattle in relation to plane of nutrition. J. agric. Res., 37: 283.Google Scholar
Hansen Larsen, L., & Eskedal, H. W., 1952. Feeding of high-yielding dairy cows. 260. Beretn. Forsøgslab. [Kbh.].Google Scholar
Jawetz, M. B., 1953. Does it pay to feed concentrates to dairy cows? Agriculture [Lond.], 60: 56.Google Scholar
Jawetz, M. B., 1956. Input-output relationships in feeding dairy cows. Dairy Sci. Abstr., 18: 2.Google Scholar
Jensen, E., Klein, J. W., Rauchenstein, E., Woodward, T. E., & Smith, R. H., 1942. Input-output relationships in milk productioni. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric., No. 815.Google Scholar
Johansson, I., & Hansson, A., 1940. Causes in variation of milk and butter-fat yield of dairy cows. K. Lantbr Akad. Tidskr. [Stockh.], 3: (6½).Google Scholar
Kellner, O., 1920. Die Ernährung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere, Paul Parey, Berlin.Google Scholar
Lees, F. T., Mcmeekan, C. P., & Wallace, L. R., 1948. The relationship between level of nutrition during the dry period and subsequent production of dairy cattle. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod., 8th Ann. Conf. 1948: 60.Google Scholar
Lush, J. L., & Straus, F. S., 1942. The heritability of butterfat production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 25: 975.Google Scholar
Mahadevan, P., 1951. The effect of environment and heredity on lactation. I. Milk yield. J. agric. Sci., 41: 80.Google Scholar
Mason, I. L., & Robertson, A., 1956. The progeny testing of dairy bulls at different levels of production. J. agric. Sci., 47: 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, F. B., 1938. Feeds and Feeding. Morrison Publ. Co., New York.Google Scholar
Plum, M., 1935. Causes of differences in butterfat production of cows in Iowa cow testing associations. J. Dairy Sci., 18: 811.Google Scholar
Robertson, A., & Asker, A. A., 1951. The genetic history and breeding structure of British Friesian cattle. Emp. J. exp. Agric., 19: 113.Google Scholar
Robertson, A., & Rendel, J. M., 1954. The performance of heifers got by artificial insemination. J. agric. Sci., 44: 184.Google Scholar
Turner, C. W., 1933. The Anatomy of the Mammary Gland of Domestic and Laboratory Animals. Univ. Missouri. Google Scholar
Wallace, L. R., 1948. The growth of lambs before and after birth in relation to the level of nutrition. III. J. agric. Sci., 38: 367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiegner, G., & Ghoneim, A., 1930. Über die formulierung der Futterwirkung. Tierernährung, II, 193.Google Scholar
Wiener, G., 1953. Breed structure in the pedigree Ayrshire cattle population in Great Britain. J. agric Sci., 43: 123.Google Scholar
Wisconsin Crop Reporting Service, 1948. Crop & livestock statistics. Bull. Univ. Wis. Google Scholar
Woodman, H. E., 1948. Rations for livestock. Bull. Minist. Agric, No. 48 (11th ed.).Google Scholar
Yates, F., Boyd, D. A., & Pettit, G. H. N., , 1942. Influence of changes in level of feeding on milk production. J. agric Sci., 32: 428.Google Scholar