Deuce and a Half with a Twist: Repurposing Old Technology to Save Lives in Swiftwater Rescue during Urban and Small Stream Flash Flooding

Abstract

Introduction:

Vehicles stranded in rising water account for the majority of swiftwater rescues (SWR) during urban and small stream flash flooding. Multiple simultaneous SWR incidents are commonplace during severe storms. Historically, SWR teams have pursued a “reach, throw, row, go” strategy. However, reach and throw attempts are usually futile. Boat operations and/or in-water rescue attempts can be technically complicated, time-consuming, and a drain on rescuer resources.

Aim:

To design an ideal SWR modality for use during urban and small stream roadway flooding.

Methods:

SWR objectives, strategy, and tactics were mapped against various transportation modalities to develop the safest solution for urban and small stream flood response.

Results:

High water vehicles (HWV), such as the “deuce and a half” 6 × 6 military truck, represent a new standard for SWR practicality and safety as they can reduce rescuer time in-water. HWVs are heavy and high enough to be stable on roadways in most flash flooding conditions. A properly designed emergency response package includes a fording kit, multi-directional floodlights for nighttime operations, public safety radios, and a siren that doubles as a public address system to coach victims as a rescue is initiated. Deployable ladders enable rescuer egress from and victim access to a covered lighted cargo bed that holds PPE, throw bags, and rescue rings; a deployable “boat in a bag” for victims who require ferrying; and a heated seating area where medical evaluation can be conducted while staying dry.

Discussion:

SWRs are dangerous resource-intensive incidents which account for more rescuer morbidity/mortality than all other technical rescue sub-types combined. These incidents will increase in frequency and severity worldwide due to climate change and overdevelopment. If rescue conditions are still tenable, HWVs are the most efficient and effective platform for conducting SWR from flooded roadways while decreasing safety risks to first responders and victims.