The Enueg

Raymond Thompson Hill

doi:10.1632/456780

The Enueg

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020

Raymond Thompson Hill

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Among the many forms of poetic composition cultivated by the troubadours of Provence during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, one of the most distinctive is that listed in the Leys d'Amors under the name enueg. This word, a Provençal form of the Latin inodium, means literally ‘vexation,’ or ‘that which is vexing;’ and technically it designates a poem which treats the annoyances of life from mere trifles to serious insults, from improprieties at the table to serious misdemeanors. This kind of poem, differing essentially in subject matter from the conventional erotic poetry of the time, belongs rather to that class known as sirventés; poetry which treats public or private affairs with either praise or censure. Like many of the sirventés, the enueg has now and then a didactic purpose; but in most cases the poet voices his own likes or dislikes without any ulterior motive.

Type: Research Article
Information: PMLA , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , 1912 , pp. 265 - 296

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1632/456780 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1912

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References

^{page 265 note 1} Monumens de la Litt. Romane: Gatien-Arnould, Paris, 1824, Vol. i, p. 348.

^{page 266 note 1} Editions by E. Philippson, Halle, 1873 and Otto Klein, Stengel's Ausg. u. Abh., vii, Marburg, 1885. The references are to the latter. Cf. also Hist. Litt., xvii, pp. 565-568 and Diez, Leben u. Werke, pp. 270-278.

^{page 267 note 1} Edition of Klein, o. c., Nos. 6, 7, 8 b, and 9.

^{page 267 note 2} Ed. Klein, No. 6, str. 3.

^{page 268 note 1} O. c., No. 9, str. 4.

^{page 268 note 2} Cf. Leys d'Amors, l. c., i, p. 348.

^{page 268 note 3} O. c., No. 8 a, vv. 7-12.

^{page 269 note 1} Raynouard, Choix, v, p. 204.

^{page 269 note 2} Raynouard, Choix, iv, p. 342.

^{page 270 note 1} Cf. Bertran de Born, ed. Stimming, Halle, 1879 and 1892, (Rom. Bibl., Vol. vii). The references are to the latter edition.

^{page 270 note 2} No. 42, p. 136. The envoi to Beatrix was thought to exclude Bertran as the author, but this stanza is now considered by some to have originally had no connection with this song. The style strongly resembles that of Bertran. Cf. Clédat, Du rôle hist. de B de Born, pp. 89 and 120.

^{page 270 note 3} No. 1, str. 6.

^{page 271 note 1} No. 8, str. 2.

^{page 271 note 2} No. 9, str. 1.

^{page 271 note 3} No. 25, str. 3.

^{page 271 note 4} No. 28, str. 4.

^{page 272 note 1} No. 41, str. 1.

^{page 272 note 2} No. 40, p. 134.

^{page 273 note 1} No. 28.

^{page 273 note 2} Paris, sans date, p. 90.

^{page 274 note 1} En estos nuestros tiempos floresçió Mossen Jordé de Sanct Jordé, cavallero prudente, el quai çiertamente compuso assaz fermosas cosas, las quales él mesmo asonava. El Prohemio, xiii, p. 11. Obres pub. por Amador de los Rios, Madrid, 1852.

^{page 274 note 2} Obres Poetiques de Jordi de Sant Jordi, Massó Torrents, Barcelona, 1902. Published also from ms. in Ateneo by Sanvisenti in his I primi influssi, etc., Milan, 1902, pp. 453 ff. Cf. also Jahrb. ii, p. 288.

^{page 274 note 3} Jahrb. f. rom. u. eng. litt., ii, p. 288.

^{page 275 note 1} O. c., p. 48, str. iii.

^{page 275 note 2} O. c., p. 45, No. xvii.

^{page 275 note 3} Garcia de Resende, Cancioneiro geral, Stutt. Lit. Verein, vols. xv, xvii, and xxvi.

^{page 276 note 1} O. c., Vol. xvii, p. 534.

^{page 276 note 2} O. c., Vol. xxvi, pp. 238 ff.

^{page 276 note 3} Another Portuguese poem which shows slight similarity is that called nunca vi (Cancioneiro de Resende, o. c., Vol. xv, pp. 394 ff.). It is simply a series of pessimistic aphorisms introduced by nunca vi and is far from being a true specimen of the enueg.

^{page 277 note 1} Monumenta Germaniae Hist.; Scriptores, Vol. 32, i, p. 64, 30.

^{page 277 note 2} Giornale Storico, xxi, p. 455.

^{page 277 note 3} Monumenta Germaniae Hist.; Scriptores, Vol. 32, ii, p. 464, 35.

^{page 278 note 1} Abhandl. der K. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissenschaft., Berlin, 1886.

^{page 278 note 2} For the description of the zibaldone I am indebted to Novati, Rendiconti del real. Ist. Lomb., Serie ii, Vol. xxix, pp. 279 ff. and 500 ff.

^{page 278 note 3} O. c., p. 501.

^{page 279 note 1} L. c., p. 502.

^{page 280 note 1} L. c., p. 512.

^{page 280 note 2} O. c., Vol. 32, p. 98, 20 ff., quotations from poems 1 and 2; Vol. 32, p. 169, 29, quotations from poem 8.

^{page 281 note 1} Guittone d'Arezzo, Rime, ed. Pellegrini, Bologna, 1901. Cf. also edition of Valeriani, Firenze, 1828.

^{page 282 note 1} Ed. Pell., Vol. i, No. xlvii, p. 73.

^{page 282 note 2} O. c., No. v, p. 9.

^{page 282 note 3} Valer., o. c., Vol. ii, No. xii, p. 12.

^{page 282 note 4} Pell., o. c., No. v, p. 9.

^{page 282 note 5} Pell., o. c., Vol. i, No. liv, p. 82.

^{page 283 note 1} Pell., o. c., Vol. i, No. cix, p. 180.

^{page 283 note 2} Pell., o. c., Vol. i, No. xv, p. 286.

^{page 283 note 3} Valer., o. c., Vol. i, No. x, p. 56.

^{page 283 note 4} Valer., o. c., Vol. ii, No. cxviii, p. 119.

^{page 284 note 1} All except the first were published by D'Ancona in Il Propugnatore, Ser. i, Vol. vi, part 1, pp. 359-367. Bilancioni pointed out that the other Molt' ò diletto e piaciemi vedere should have been included, as D'Ancona admits in Il Propug., vii, 1°, p. 60. The entire chain of ten was later published by D'Ancona and Comparetti in their edition of the codex vaticano 3793 (Le Antiche Rime Volgari), Bologna, 1886, Vol. iv. The first and second sonnets of the ring are found on pp. 267, 268 of this edition; the others on pp. 275-283.

^{page 285 note 1} Antiche Rime, Vol. iv, p. 280.

^{page 285 note 2} O. c., p. 283.

^{page 285 note 3} Scelta di Curiosità, Vol. lxxxii, p. 173. Cf. Jahrbuch f. rom. u. eng. Litt., vi, p. 225.

^{page 286 note 1} O. c., pp. 65-68.

^{page 287 note 1} Cf. D'Ancona e Bacci, Manuale della Lett. It., Firenze, 1906, Vol. i, pp. 396 ff. The poem referred to is found on page 402.

^{page 287 note 2} Sacchetti, Novelle, Milan, 1805, Vol. iii, p. 63: Novella clxxv.

^{page 287 note 3} Ferruccio Ferri, La poesia popolare in Antonio Pucci, Bologna, 1909, p. 5.

^{page 288 note 1} Pub. Farai, Mimes Fr. du XIIIe Siècle, Paris, 1910, pp. 81 ff.

^{page 288 note 2} Delizie degli eruditi toscani, Firenze, 1772-75, Vols, iii-vi.

^{page 288 note 3} Cited above.

^{page 288 note 4} Ildefonso di San Luigi, in Vol. vi of the Delizie degli eruditi toscani (Vol. iv of Pucci's works), pp. 275-285; reprinted without change in Raccolta di rime antiche toscane, Palermo, 1817, Vol. iii, pp. 311-320; and by F. Ferri, o. c., pp. 235-242. This text has 101 terzine, or 304 verses, but other mss. have a larger or smaller number. Prof. K. McKenzie expects to publish shortly the text from the Cod. Kirkupiano (recently belonging to Wellesley College, but now in Italy), which has four additional terzine; and also the shorter version in Venetian dialect in a ms. of the Bodleian Library.

^{page 291 note 1} Opere, Milano, 1864, Bibl. Rara, Vol. 44.

^{page 292 note 1} O. c., p. 162.

^{page 292 note 2} Sonetti del Burchiello, del Bellincioni e d'altri poeti fior., London, 1757, p. 143.

^{page 292 note 3} O. c., p. 194.

^{page 292 note 4} Published on page ix of Alamanni's sonnets in the edition cited in note 2.

^{page 293 note 1} The entire text is printed by Thomas Wright, Anecdota Literaria, London, 1844. A fragment of it is found in Hist. Litt., Vol. xxiii, p. 98. A much modified analysis is given by Le Grand d'Aussy, Fabliaux, Paris, 1829, iii, p. 374.

^{page 293 note 2} Œuvres, Paris, 1786, Vol. vii, pp. 165 ff.

^{page 294 note 1} O. c., pp. 168 and 172.

^{page 294 note 2} There is a curious instance of the survival of the same general type of poem in a single strophe of the early 17th century. It is found in La Comédie des Proverbes (Ancien Théâtre Fr., tome ix, pp. 50 f.) where it is pronounced before a meal somewhat like a blessing.

De quatre choses Dieu nous garde:

D'une femme qui se farde,

D'un valet qui se regarde,

De bœuf salé sans moustarde,

Et de petit disner qui trop tarde.

Although no word like fâcheux is repeated, yet a marked similarity in general style can not fail to be apparent. This has already been noticed by E. Lommatzsch in his recently published dissertation, System der Gebärden dargestellt auf Grund der mittelalt. Lit., Berlin, 1911, p. 76.

^{page 295 note 1} Jean Beck, La Musique des Troubadours, p. 90.

^{page 295 note 2} Cf. Novati in Rendiconti del real. Ist. Lombardo, Ser. ii, Vol. 29, p. 284.

^{page 295 note 3} Monumenta Germaniae Hist.; Scriptores, Vol. 32, i, p. 54, 30 ff.

^{page 296 note 1} Jahrb. f. rom. u. eng. Litt., ii, p. 288.

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