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Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes of Schistosoma mansoni

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2009

T. MANNECK ,
Y. HAGGENMÜLLER  and
J. KEISER
T. MANNECK
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Y. HAGGENMÜLLER
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
J. KEISER*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
*
*Corresponding author: Tel: +41 61 284 8218. Fax: +41 61 284 8105. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

There is a pressing need to develop novel anti-schistosomal drugs, as current treatment relies largely on praziquantel (PZQ). To further strengthen current evidence of the anti-schistosomal properties of mefloquine (MQ), we studied the temporal effect of this compound in vitro and in vivo, and examined alterations on the tegumental surface of schistosomula and adults of S. mansoni by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Schistosomula and adults were each incubated in vitro using MQ over a wide concentration range (1–100 μg/ml). In addition, mice infected with adult S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg MQ, and worms were recovered 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h following treatment. MQ showed a rapid onset of action on schistosomula in vitro; 100 and 75 μg/ml of MQ killed schistosomula immediately; the minimal lethal and effective concentrations of MQ on schistosomula after 1 h were 25 and 5 μg/ml, respectively. Adult worms incubated with 100 and 10 μg/ml of MQ were dead after 1 h and 24 h of incubation, respectively. A hepatic shift of adult schistosomes was observed in mice already 24 h after treatment, and 120 h following treatment >98% of all worms had translocated to the liver. SEM observations revealed extensive tegumental destruction, including blebbing, shrinking and sloughing, particularly following in vitro incubation and on the tegument of female worms.

Keywords

Schistosoma mansonischistosomiasismefloquinein vitroin vivoscanning electron microscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Issue 1 , January 2010 , pp. 85 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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