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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 July 2020
High resolution imaging in electron cryomicroscopy of biological macromolecules is strongly affected by beam-induced charging1. Charging is often expressed in frozen or glucose-embedded specimens as an increase in apparent mass-thickness of the irradiated area. Another obvious effect of charging is blurring of both the unscattered beam and reflections in electron diffraction patterns recorded from crystalline specimens. Coating of ice-embedded specimens with a carbon layer helps to improve the stability of the ice and probably reduce charging of the specimen. Coating in a Gatan ion-beam coater (model 681) of glucose-embedded specimens with thin layers of various conductive materials did reduce charging but the specimens were damaged by the high energy ions used for the coating. In general, coating resulted in much weaker reflections in electron diffraction patterns obtained from coated crystals and faster resolution fall-off.
We modified the Gatan coater by outfitting it with a new chamber that replaced the ion-beam deposition capability for thermal evaporation of carbon rods (Fig. 1).