Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T22:52:03.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observing the Chemical State of Elements With Z=21 To 28 From L Alpha1 To L L Ratios With Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

A. Sandborg  and
R. Anderhalt
A. Sandborg
Affiliation:
EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ07430
R. Anderhalt
Affiliation:
EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ07430
Get access

Extract

It is well known that chemical bonding affects elemental x-ray emission spectra. The spectra of low atomic number elements show energy shifts which depend on the bonding of the element. To observe these shifts, a high resolution wavelength dispersive (WDS) x-ray spectrometer is required. Intensity variations of the L series can be observed with an EDS system which also show chemical effects.

The L Alphal and the L L radiations are produced from a vacancy in the L III shell. Normally the L L line is about 5 to 6% of the intensity of the L Alphal line. However, in the atomic number range of Z=21 to 28, it is easily observed that the L L line becomes more intense. The L Alphal is no longer present at Z=20. These intensity changes are due to the outer electron shells of these atoms being unfilled. The L Alphal comes from the L3-M5 transition, while the L L comes from L3-M1 transition. The M5 (3d level) of the M shell is partially filled for Z=21 to 28; empty for Z<21and full for Z> 28. Holliday observed a Ti LL which was 17% greater than the Ti L Alphal.

Type
Mas Celebrates: Fifty Years of Electron Probe Microanalysis
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 5 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '99, Microscopy Society of America 57th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 33rd Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon August 1-5, 1999 , August 1999 , pp. 590 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Holliday, J.E., Handbook Of X-Rays, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1967Google Scholar

2. Holliday, J.E., Norelco Reporter, Volume XIV, 3–4, July 1967Google Scholar