Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T09:54:00.813Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A New Method for Measurement of the Vitrification Rate of Earthenware Texture by Scanning Electron Microscope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2013

Eun Jung Moon ,
Su Kyeong Kim ,
Min Su Han ,
Eun Woo Lee ,
Jun Su Heo  and
Han Hyoung Lee
Eun Jung Moon
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
Su Kyeong Kim
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
Min Su Han
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
Eun Woo Lee
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
Jun Su Heo
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
Han Hyoung Lee*
Affiliation:
Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 472 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A new method for determining the vitrification rate of pottery depending on the firing temperature was devised using secondary electron images (SEI) of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Several tests were performed to establish the appropriate operating conditions of SEM and reproducibility as well as to examine the applicability of the method. The grayscale values converted from each pixel of SEI were used to determine the vitrification rate of pottery, which in our study were artificially fired specimens composed of three types of clay. A comparison between the vitrification rate value and appearance temperature of minerals shows that mullite formation starts at 1,100°C, during which the vitrification rate rapidly increases by over 10%. In consequence, the result presented here demonstrates that the new method can be applied to estimate the firing temperature of pottery.

Keywords

SEMpotteryvitrificationXRDfiring temperaturepixelgrayscale
Type
Research Article
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Supplement S5: IUMAS , August 2013 , pp. 162 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andaloro, E., Belfiore, C.M., De Francesco, A.M., Jacobsen, J.K. & Mittica, G.P. (2010). A preliminary archaeometric study of pottery remains from the archaeological site of Timpone della Motta, in the Sibaritide area (Calabria-Southern Italy). Appl Clay Sci 53(3), 445–453.10.1016/j.clay.2010.07.021Google Scholar
Dana, K. & Das, S.K. (2004). Evolution of microstructure in fly ash containing porcelain body on heating at different temperatures. Bull Mater Sci 27, 183–188.10.1007/BF02708503Google Scholar
Hein, A., Müller, N.S., Day, P.M. & Kilikoglou, V. (2008). Thermal conductivity of archaeological ceramics: The effect of inclusions, porosity and firing temperature. Thermochim Acta 480, 35–42.10.1016/j.tca.2008.09.012Google Scholar
Iqbal, Y. & Lee, W.E. (1999). Fired porcelain microstructures revisited. J Am Ceram Soc 82, 3584–3590.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02282.xGoogle Scholar
Kilikoglou, V. (1994). Scanning electron microscopy. In Ceramic Regionalism in Prepalatial Central Crete: The Mesara Imports at EMI to EMIIA, Knossos, D.E. & Day, P.M. (Eds.), Annual of the British School at Athens, 89, 1–87.Google Scholar
Kingery, W.D., Bowen, H.K. & Uhlman, D.R. (1991). Introduction to Ceramics, 2nd ed. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Maniatis, Y., Simopoulos, A., Kostikas, A. & Perdikatsis, V. (1983). Effect of a reducing atmosphere on minerals and iron oxides developed in fired clays: The role of Ca. J Am Ceram Soc 66, 773–781.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1983.tb10561.xGoogle Scholar
Maniatis, Y. & Tite, M.S. (1975). Scanning electron microscope examination of the bloating of fired clays. Trans J Br Ceram Soc 74, 229–232.Google Scholar
Maniatis, Y. & Tite, M.S. (1978). Ceramic technology in the Aegean world during the Bronze Age. In Thera and the Aegean World, vol. 1, Doumas, C. (Ed.), pp. 483–492. London: The Thera Foundation.Google Scholar
Maniatis, Y. & Tite, M.S. (1981). Technological examination of Neolithic–Bronze Age pottery from central and southeast Europe and from the Near East. J Archaeol Sci 8, 59–76.10.1016/0305-4403(81)90012-1Google Scholar
Moon, E.J., Kang, H.J., Han, M.S. & Lee, H.H. (2011). A study on the categorization method of earthenware from Pung-Nap Mud Castle based on scientific data. The Baekje Hakbo 5, 57–90.Google Scholar
Moropoulou, A., Bakolas, A. & Bisbikou, K. (1995). Thermal analysis as a method of characterizing ancient ceramic technologies. Thermochim Acta 269–270, 743–753.10.1016/0040-6031(95)02570-7Google Scholar
Noll, W., Holm, R. & Born, L. (1975). Painting of ancient ceramics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 14, 602–619.10.1002/anie.197506021Google Scholar
Sandrolini, F., Moriconi, G., Veniali, F. & Zappia, C. (1993). Principles and applications of pore structure characterization. International Symposium RILEM/CNR, Haynes, J.M. & Doria, P.R. (Eds.), Milan, Italy, pp. 291–297.Google Scholar
Van Olphen, H. & Fripat, J.J. (1979). Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-Metallic Minerals, 1st ed. London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Velraj, G., Janaki, K., Musthafa, A.M. & Palanivel, R. (2009). Estimation of firing temperature of some archaeological pottery shreds excavated recently in Tamil Nadu, India. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 72, 730–733.10.1016/j.saa.2008.11.015Google Scholar