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Natural or Artificial? Multi-Analytical Study of a Scagliola from Estoi Palace Simulating Imperial Red Porphyry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2016

Maria Teresa Freire Open the ORCID record for Maria Teresa Freire [Opens in a new window] ,
António Santos Silva ,
Maria do Rosário Veiga ,
Jorge de Brito  and
Frank Schlütter
Maria Teresa Freire*
Affiliation:
Buildings Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
António Santos Silva
Affiliation:
Materials Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria do Rosário Veiga
Affiliation:
Buildings Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
Jorge de Brito
Affiliation:
CERIS-ICIST, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Frank Schlütter
Affiliation:
Department of Analytical Microscopy of Building Materials, Bremen Institute for Materials Testing, Paul-Feller-Straße 1, 28199 Bremen, Germany
*
*Corresponding author.[email protected]
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Abstract

In this paper the characterization of a gypsum plaster sample from the end of the 19th century simulating imperial red porphyry using a multi-analytical approach is presented and discussed. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), physical and mechanical properties are summarized. In order to have further insight into the microstructure, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), and micro Raman spectroscopy analyzes were also made. They helped to clarify the main issues raised by the other complementary analytical techniques and allowed the establishment of interrelations between the different properties, providing important information about the materials, the skills, and the technological development involved in the art of imitating noble stones with gypsum pastes. This study also contributes to our knowledge concerning the preservation of these types of elements that are important in the context of European decorative arts and rarely reported in the literature.

Keywords

multi-analytical characterizationmultiphase gypsum plastersgypsum technologyscagliolamicroscopy
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 22 , Issue 6 , December 2016 , pp. 1281 - 1303
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2016 

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