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Insulin Receptor: Structure Via 3D EM Reconstruction, Crystallography and NMR Reveals Details of Ligand Binding and Mechanism of Transmembrane Signalling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

F.P. Ottensmeyer ,
R.Z.T. Luo ,
D.R. Beniac ,
A.B. Fernandes  and
C.C. Yip
F.P. Ottensmeyer
Affiliation:
Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2M9, Canada;
R.Z.T. Luo
Affiliation:
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, U.S.A.;
D.R. Beniac
Affiliation:
Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2M9, Canada;
A.B. Fernandes
Affiliation:
Ontario Cancer Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2M9, Canada;
C.C. Yip
Affiliation:
Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L6, Canada.
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Extract

For over 25 years a major effort in electron microscopy of macromolecules has been the determination of the three dimensional structure from the two-dimensional electron micrographs of such specimens. Great success has been realized when the macromolecule or complex takes the form of an array such as a 2D crystal (1,2), a helical structure (3,4) or one with icosahedral symmetry (5,6). However, for molecules which do not form such arrays, and in the limit only exist as single particles, a number of challenges have had to be addressed. No easy averaging of noisy low dose images is possible due to the lack of lateral and rotational symmetry. Random unknown orientations of the particles have to be determined, a process exacerbated by noise if low dose images are used as input. Alternatively, higher dose images result in radiation-induced structural alterations of the macromolecule.

Type
Electron Cryomicroscopy of Macromolecules
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 6 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis 2000, Microscopy Society of America 58th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 34th Annual Meeting, Microscopical Society of Canada/Societe de Microscopie de Canada 27th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania August 13-17, 2000 , August 2000 , pp. 274 - 275
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America

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