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Epicardial Development in the Rat: A New Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2006

Tresa Nesbitt ,
Aubrey Lemley ,
Jeff Davis ,
Michael J. Yost ,
Richard L. Goodwin  and
Jay D. Potts
Tresa Nesbitt
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Aubrey Lemley
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Jeff Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Michael J. Yost
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Richard L. Goodwin
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Jay D. Potts
Affiliation:
Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Abstract

Development of the epicardium is critical to proper heart formation. It provides all of the precursor cells that form the coronary system and supplies signals that stimulate cardiac myocyte proliferation. The epicardium forms from mesothelial cells associated with the septum transversum and is referred to as the proepicardium (PE). Two different methods by which these PE cells colonize the developing heart have been described. In avians, PE cells form a bridge to the heart over which PE cells migrate onto the heart. In fish and mammals, PE cells form vesicles of cells that detach from the mesothelium, float through the pericardial cavity, and attach to the heart. A previous study of rat PE development investigated this process at the histological level. Protein markers have been developed since this study. Thus, we investigated this important developmental process coupled with these new markers using other visualization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy. Finally, a novel, three-dimensional (3-D) culture system was used to confirm the identity of the PE cells. In this study, we found convincing evidence that the rat PE cells directly attach to the heart in a manner similar to that observed in avians.

Keywords

proepicardiumepicardiumheart developmentcoronary vasculogenesis
Type
BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 12 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 390 - 398
Copyright
© 2006 Microscopy Society of America

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