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The Effects of β-Lactam Antibiotics on Surface Modifications of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli: A Multiscale Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2019

Samuel C. Uzoechi  and
Nehal I. Abu-Lail Open the ORCID record for Nehal I. Abu-Lail [Opens in a new window]
Samuel C. Uzoechi
Affiliation:
Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
Nehal I. Abu-Lail*
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Nehal I. Abu-Lail, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Possible multidrug-resistant (MDR) mechanisms of four resistant strains of Escherichia coli to a model β-lactam, ampicillin, were investigated using contact angle measurements of wettability, crystal violet assays of permeability, biofilm formation, fluorescence imaging, and nanoscale analyses of dimensions, adherence, and roughness. Upon exposure to ampicillin, one of the resistant strains, E. coli A5, changed its phenotype from elliptical to spherical, maintained its roughness and biofilm formation abilities, decreased its length and surface area, maintained its cell wall integrity, increased its hydrophobicity, and decreased its nanoscale adhesion to a model surface of silicon nitride. Such modifications are suggested to allow these cells to conserve energy during metabolic dormancy. In comparison, resistant strains E. coli D4, A9, and H5 elongated their cells, increased their roughness, increased their nanoscale adhesion forces, became more hydrophilic, and increased their biofilm formation upon exposure to ampicillin. These results suggest that these strains resisted ampicillin through biofilm formation that possibly introduces diffusion limitations to antibiotics. Investigations of how MDR bacterial cells modify their surfaces in response to antibiotics can guide research efforts aimed at designing more effective antibiotics and new treatment strategies for MDR bacterial infections.

Keywords

adhesion forceAFMantibioticsβ-lactambiofilmsdimensionsE. colimultidrug-resistance (MDR)permeabilityroughness
Type
Biological Science Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 135 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2019 

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