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Cigarette Smoke Exacerbates Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in the Volume Overloaded Heart

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2011

Jessica M. Bradley ,
Jonathan B. Nguyen ,
Alyssa C. Fournett  and
Jason D. Gardner
Jessica M. Bradley
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Jonathan B. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Alyssa C. Fournett
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Jason D. Gardner*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for heart disease and is linked to sudden cardiac death. In this study, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on the volume overload stressed heart. Our hypothesis was that CS exacerbates volume overload (VO)–induced cardiac dysfunction by accelerating ventricular remodeling. VO stress was surgically induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by abdominal aortocaval fistula (ACF). Rats, with and without ACF, were exposed to either room air or CS (6 cigarettes/day) for 6 weeks. Temporal echocardiogram measurements indicated that CS significantly increased VO-induced left ventricular dilatation, prevented compensatory wall thickening, and depressed fractional shortening. Morphological analysis of ventricular collagen revealed that CS blunted compensatory collagen expression (45% decrease versus ACF alone). CS exacerbated the VO-induced increase of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the heart. CS also blocked the compensatory increases of HIF-1α, VEGF, and TGF-β in the VO-stressed heart. These data indicate that CS worsens VO remodeling by disrupting compensatory mechanisms, thereby promoting eccentric dilation and dysfunction.

Keywords

extracellular matrix remodelingcollagenMMPsTIMPHIF-1αVEGFTGF-β
Type
Feature Article
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 91 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

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