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Acute Ocular Effects of Mustard Gas: Anatomic Pathology and Immunohistopathology of Exposed Cornea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

J.P. Petrali ,
T.A. Hamilton ,
A.V. Finger  and
E. J. Dick
J.P. Petrali
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine and Drug Assessment Divisions, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5425
T.A. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine and Drug Assessment Divisions, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5425
A.V. Finger
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine and Drug Assessment Divisions, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5425
E. J. Dick
Affiliation:
Comparative Medicine and Drug Assessment Divisions, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010-5425
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Extract

Sulfur mustard gas (HD), a synthetic vesicating agent used effectively as a major chemical warfare agent during World War 1, continues to be a modern day threat agent. Unfortunately there is no specific pretreatment or antidotal therapy for those who may become exposed. Whole body exposure results in cutaneous, respiratory and ocular effects. of these, eye impairment leads to the most immediate incapacitation. However HD-induced eye lesions remain to be fully characterized. In the present study we explore histological, ultrastructural and immunopathological effects of a vesicating dose of HD in rabbit cornea occurring during the first 24 hours following exposure.

A 0.4μl drop of liquid HD was placed on the left cornea of anesthetized rabbits. The right cornea served as an unexposed control. Following exposure animals were returned to their cages and given appropriate care by an attending veterinarian. Eye injury was evaluated by clinical observations and given scores of severity from simple conjunctival redness to apparent corneal damage.

Type
Pathology
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 3 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '97, Microscopy Society of America 55th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 31st Annual Meeting, Histochemical Society 48th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio, August 10-14, 1997 , August 1997 , pp. 65 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 1997

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References

1.Marzulli, F. N. and Maibach, H.I.., Dermatotoxicology, 5th Edition, Chapter 9, (1996) 122.Google Scholar
2.Papirmeister, B.et al, Medical Defense Against Mustard Gas, Chapter 2, (1991) 21Google Scholar
3.Petrali, J.P.et al, J. Submicrosc.Cytol. and Pathol. 25 (1993) 113.Google Scholar
4. The authors acknowledge the capable assistance of Todd Kolb whose expertise in the conduct of immunohistochemical studies ensured the success of this initial study.Google Scholar