Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:08:39.083Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Microanalysis of Human Cementum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2005

Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez ,
Octavio Alvarez-Fregoso ,
Jaime Ortiz-López  and
Higinio Arzate
Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
Octavio Alvarez-Fregoso
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigación en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
Jaime Ortiz-López
Affiliation:
Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F. 07730, México
Higinio Arzate
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
Get access

Abstract

An energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis study was performed throughout the total length of cementum on five impacted human teeth. Mineral content of calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium were determined with an electron probe from the cemento-enamel junction to the root apex on the external surface of the cementum. The concentration profiles for calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium were compared by using Ca/P and Mg/Ca atomic percent ratio. Our findings demonstrated that the Ca/P ratio at the cemento-enamel junction showed the highest values (1.8–2.2). However, the area corresponding to the acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC) usually located on the coronal one-third of the root surface showed a Ca/P media value of 1.65. Nevertheless, on the area representing the fulcrum of the root there is an abrupt change in the Ca/P ratio, which decreases to 1.3. Our results revealed that Mg2+ distribution throughout the length of human cementum reached its maximum Mg/Ca ratio value of 1.3–1.4 at.% around the fulcrum of the root and an average value of 0.03%. A remarkable finding was that the Mg/Ca ratio pattern distribution showed that in the region where the Ca/P ratio showed a decreasing tendency, the Mg/Ca ratio reached its maximum value, showing a negative correlation. In conclusion, this study has established that clear compositional differences exist between AEFC and cellular mixed stratified cementum varieties and adds new knowledge about Mg2+ distribution and suggests its provocative role regulating human cementum metabolism.

Keywords

cementumhydroxyapatitemineralizationcalciumphosphorousmagnesiumEDS
Type
BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 313 - 318
Copyright
© 2005 Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arzate, H., Alvarez-Pérez, M.A., Aguilar-Mendoza, M.E., & Álvarez-Fregoso, O. (1998). Human cementum tumor cells have different features from human osteoblastic cells in vitro. J Periodont Res 33, 249–258.Google Scholar
Beaman, D.R. & Isasi, L.A. (1972). Electron beam microanalysis. ASTM Special Technical Publication, 506. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Bosshardt, D.D. & Schroeder, H. (1996). Cementogenesis reviewed: A comparison between human premolars and rodent molars. Anat Rec 245, 267–292.Google Scholar
Bosshardt, D.D. & Selvig, K.A. (1997). Dental cementum: The dynamic tissue covering of the root. Periodontol 2000 13, 41–75.Google Scholar
Brautbar, N. & Gruber, H.E. (1986). Magnesium in bone disease. Nephron 44, 1–7.Google Scholar
Brudevold, F., Steadman, L.T., & Smith, F.A. (1960). Inorganic and organic components of tooth structure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 85, 110–132.Google Scholar
Christner, P., Robinson, P., & Clark, C.C. (1977). Preliminary characterization of human cementum collagen. Calcif Tissue Res 23, 147–150.Google Scholar
Daculsi, G., Pilet, P., Cottrel, M., & Guicheux, G. (1999). Role of fibronectin during biological apatite crystal nucleation: Ultrastructural characterization. J Biomed Res 47, 228–233.Google Scholar
D'Errico, J.A., MacNeil, R.L., Takata, T., Berry, J., Strayhorn, C., & Somerman, M.J. (1997). Expression of bone associated markers by tooth root lining cells, in situ and in vitro. Bone 20, 117–126.Google Scholar
Hals, E. & Selvig, K.A. (1977). Correlated electron probe microanalysis and microradiography of carious and normal dental cementum. Caries Res 11, 62–75.Google Scholar
Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards. (1998). Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards No. 09-432 for calcium hydroxyapatite.
Lekic, P. & McCulloch, C.A. (1996). Periodontal ligament cell population: The central role of fibroblasts in creating a unique tissue. Anat Rec 245, 327–341.Google Scholar
MacNeil, R.L., Berry, J., D'Errico, J., Strayhorn, C., Piotrowski, B., & Somerman, M.J. (1995). Role of two mineral-associated adhesion molecules, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein, during cementogenesis. Connect Tissue Res 33, 1–7.Google Scholar
Nakata, T.M., Stepnick, R.I., & Zipkin, I. (1972). Chemistry of human dental cementum: The effect of age and fluoride exposure on the concentration of ash, fluoride, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium. J Periodontol 43, 115–124.Google Scholar
Neiders, M.E., Eick, J.D., Miller, W.A., & Leitner, J.W. (1972). Electron probe microanalysis of cementum and underlying dentin in young permanent teeth. J Dent Res 51, 122–130Google Scholar
Oguchi, H., Ishikawa, K., Mizoue, K., Seto, K., & Eguchi, G. (1995). Long-term histological evaluation of hydroxyapatite ceramics in humans. Biomaterials 16, 33–38.Google Scholar
Posner, A.S. (1969). Crystal chemistry of bone mineral. Physiol Rev 49, 760–792.Google Scholar
Röckert, H. (1958). A quantitative X-ray microscopical study of calcium in the cementum of teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 16(suppl. 25), 1–68.Google Scholar
Selvig, K.A. (1965). The fine structure of human cementum. Acta Odontol Scand 23, 423–441.Google Scholar
Selvig, K.A. (1970). Periodic lattice images of hydroxyapatite crystals in human bone and dental hard tissues. Calcif Tissue Res 6, 227–238.Google Scholar
Serre, C.M., Papillard, M., Chavassieux, P., Voegel, J.C., & Boivin, G. (1998). Influence of magnesium substitution on a collagen-apatite biomaterial on the production of a calcifying matrix by human osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res 42, 626–633.Google Scholar
Soni, N.N., van Huysen, G., Swenson, H.M. (1962). A microradiographic and X-ray densitometric study of cementum. J Periodontol 33, 372–378.Google Scholar
Wiesmann, H.P., Tkotz, T., Joos, U., Zierold, K., Stratmann, U., Szuwart, T., Plate, U., & Hohling, H.J. (1997). Magnesium in newly formed dentin mineral of rat incisor. J Bone Miner Res 12, 380–383.Google Scholar