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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 July 2020
Grain boundaries and related planar defects in crystalline materials are often characterized by relaxations from geometric lattice constructions in order to lower the interfacial energy. Grain boundaries may relax by local reconstructions of the atomic structure along the interface and/or rigid-body lattice translations that perturb the relative positions of the grains far from the interface. Rigid-body lattice translations can by studied using α-fringe contrast along planar interfaces in strong-beam transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.[l-3] Oscillatory fringe contrast may appear along an interface between two grains which are related by a translation vector, R, when the interface lies inclined to the incident electron beam and imaged with a diffraction vector, gc, common to both grains.[4] The fringe contrast is due to an interference between the direct and scattered electron beams when the diffracted electron beams undergo a phase shift propagating across the interface. The phase shift, α, is proportional to the projection of R onto gc (i.e. α = Rgc) and the fringe contrast is known as α-fringe.