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Optical Mapping of Electrical Activation in the Developing Heart

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2005

David Sedmera ,
Maria Reckova ,
Carlin Rosengarten ,
Maria I. Torres ,
Robert G. Gourdie  and
Robert P. Thompson
David Sedmera
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Maria Reckova
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Carlin Rosengarten
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Maria I. Torres
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Robert G. Gourdie
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Robert P. Thompson
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Abstract

Specialized conduction tissues mediate coordinated propagation of electrical activity through the adult vertebrate heart. Following activation of the atria, the activation wave is slowed down in the atrioventricular canal or node, after which it spreads rapidly into the left and right ventricles via the His-Purkinje system (HPS). This results in the ventricles being activated from the apex toward the base, which is a hallmark of HPS function. The development of mature HPS function follows significant phases of cardiac morphogenesis. Initially, the cardiac impulse propagates in a slow, linear, and isotropic fashion from the sinus venosus at the most caudal portion of the tubular heart. Although the speed of impulse propagation gradually increases as it travels toward the anterior regions of the heart tube, the actual sequence of ventricular activation in the looped heart proceeds in the same direction as blood flow. Eventually, the immature base-to-apex sequence of ventricular activation undergoes an apparent reversal, changing to the mature apex-to-base pattern. Using an optical mapping approach, we demonstrate that the timing of this last transition shows striking dependence on hemodynamic loading of the ventricle, being accelerated by pressure overload and delayed in left ventricular hypoplasia. Comparison of chick and mammalian hearts revealed some striking similarities as well as key differences in the timing of such events during cardiac organogenesis.

Keywords

chick embryorat embryoHis bundlebundle branchesdi-4-ANEPPShigh-speed imagingaction potentialanterior septal branch
Type
Research Article
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 209 - 215
Copyright
© 2005 Microscopy Society of America

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