Optical Coherence Microscopy: A New Technique for High-Resolution, Non-Invasive Imaging in Bulk Biological Tissues

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Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a novel technique complementary to optical coherence tomography (OCT) which combines low-coherence interferometry with confocal microscopy to achieve micron-scale resolution imaging in highly scattering media. OCM may be implemented using a single-mode fiber-optic low-coherence interferometer (See Fig. 1). A high numerical aperture objective is used to focus sample-arm light into the specimen, and the reference arm length of the interferometer is adjusted to match the sample arm focal plane optical depth. The sample arm of the interferometer comprises a scanning confocal microscope, in which either the sample or the probe beam is laterally scanned in a raster pattern, and the optical fiber acts as a single-mode confocal aperture for combined light illumination and collection. The reference arm length of the interferometer establishes the depth position of an interferometric “coherence gate” in the sample, from which backscattered light is preferentially collected. Initial studies of OCM in scattering phantoms have demonstrated that this technique provides increased optical sectioning depth compared to confocal microscopy alone.