Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:21:14.278Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Meso-Scale Transmission Electron Microscope Tomography Applied for Wax Distribution in Toner Particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2013

Mino Yang ,
Jun-Ho Lee ,
Hee-Goo Kim ,
Euna Kim ,
Young-Nam Kwon ,
Jin-Gyu Kim  and
Cheol-Woong Yang
Mino Yang
Affiliation:
Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Youngin, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, Korea School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
Jun-Ho Lee
Affiliation:
Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Youngin, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, Korea School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
Hee-Goo Kim
Affiliation:
Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Youngin, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, Korea
Euna Kim
Affiliation:
Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Youngin, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, Korea
Young-Nam Kwon
Affiliation:
Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Youngin, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, Korea
Jin-Gyu Kim
Affiliation:
Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
Cheol-Woong Yang*
Affiliation:
School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Distribution of wax in laser printer toner was observed using an ultra-high-voltage (UHV) and a medium-voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM). As the radius of the wax spans a hundred to greater than a thousand nanometers, its three-dimensional recognition via TEM requires large depth of focus (DOF) for a volumetric specimen. A tomogram with a series of the captured images would allow the determination of their spatial distribution. In this study, bright-field (BF) images acquired with UHV-TEM at a high tilt angle prevented the construction of the tomogram. Conversely, the Z-contrast images acquired by the medium-voltage TEM produced a successful tomogram. The spatial resolution for both is discussed, illustrating that the image degradation was primarily caused by beam divergence of the Z-contrast image and the combination of DOF and chromatic aberration of the BF image from the UHV-TEM.

Keywords

tonerultra-high-voltage TEMSTEMtomographybright fielddepth of focusZ-contrast
Type
Research Article
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Supplement S5: IUMAS , August 2013 , pp. 58 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cosslett, V.E. (1979). Penetration and resolution of STEM and CTEM in amorphous and polycrystalline materials. Physica Status Solidi (a) 55, 545–548.Google Scholar
Friedricha, H., McCartney, M.R. & Busecka, P.R. (2005). Comparison of intensity distributions in tomograms from BF TEM, ADF STEM, HAADF STEM, and calculated tilt series. Ultramicroscopy 106, 18–27.Google Scholar
Hovington, P., Drouin, D. & Gauvin, R. (1997). CASINO: A new Monte Carlo code in C language for electron beam interactions-part I: Description of the program. Scanning 19, 1–14.Google Scholar
Hyun, J.K., Ercius, P. & Muller, D.A. (2008). Beam spreading and spatial resolution in thick organic specimens. Ultramicroscopy 109, 1–7.Google Scholar
Kazuo, T., Shinichi, K., Kazuhiko, U. & Hidemi, U. (1991). Toner for electrophotography including fluorine contained graft copolymer. U.S. Patent 5,061,587.Google Scholar
Kirkland, E.J., Loane, R.F. & Silcox, J. (1987). Simulation of annular dark field stem images using a modified multislice method. Ultramicroscopy 23, 77–96.Google Scholar
Kübel, C., Voigt, A., Schoenmakers, R., Otten, M., Su, D., Tan-Chen, L., Carlsson, A. & Bradley, J. (2005). Recent advances in electron tomography: TEM and HAADF-STEM tomography for materials science and semiconductor applications. Microsc Microanal 11, 378–400.Google Scholar
Maruta, M. (1997). The material design of the polyester color toners. In Recent Progress in Toner Technologies, Marshall, G. (Ed.), pp. 126–130. Springfield: IS&T.Google Scholar
Michael, B.C., Aura, B.L., James, B.M., Joseph, K.J., Matthew, T.M. & Jing, X.S. (2011). Polyester resin toner produced by emulsion aggregation. U.S. Patent 7,923,191 B2.Google Scholar
Williams, D.B. & Carter, C.B. (1996). Transmission Electron Microscopy. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar