Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T13:07:09.294Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Disassembling Glancing Angle Deposited Films for High-Throughput, Single-Post Growth Scaling Measurements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2012

Joshua Morgan Arthur Siewert*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
Joshua Michael LaForge
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
Michael Thomas Taschuk
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
Michael Julian Brett
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada NRC National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

With growing interest in nanostructured thin films produced by glancing angle deposition (GLAD), it becomes increasingly important to understand their overall growth mechanics and nanocolumn structure. We present a new method of isolating the individual nanocolumns of GLAD films, facilitating automated measurement of their broadening profiles. Data collected for α = 81° TiO2 vertical nanocolumns deposited across a range of substrate rotation rates demonstrates that these rates influence growth scaling parameters. Further, individual posts were found in each case that violate predicted Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth scaling limits. The technique's current iteration is comparable to existing techniques in speed: though data were studied from 10,756 individual objects, the majority could not be confidently used in subsequent analysis. Further refinement may allow high-throughput automated film characterization and permit close examination of subtle growth trends, potentially enhancing control over GLAD film broadening and morphology.

Type
Materials Applications
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barabási, A.L. & Stanley, H.E. (1995). Fractal Concepts in Surface Growth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Buzea, C., Beydaghyan, G., Elliott, C. & Robbie, K. (2005). Control of power law scaling in the growth of silicon nanocolumn pseudo-regular arrays deposited by glancing angle deposition. Nanotechnology 16, 19861992.Google Scholar
Cetinkaya, M., Malvadkar, N. & Demirel, M.C. (2008). Power-law scaling of structured poly(p-xylylene) films deposited by oblique angle. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 46, 640648.Google Scholar
Dick, B., Brett, M.J. & Smy, T. (2003). Investigation of substrate rotation at glancing incidence on thin-film morphology. J Vac Sci Technol B 21, 2569. Google Scholar
Gilbertson, K., Finlay, W., Lange, C., Brett, M., Vick, D. & Cheng, Y. (2005). Generation of fibrous aerosols from thin films. J Aerosol Sci 36, 933937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granqvist, C.G. (2011). Preparation of thin films and nanostructured coatings for clean tech applications: A primer. Sol Energ Mat Sol C 99, 166175.Google Scholar
Hawkeye, M.M. & Brett, M.J. (2007). Glancing angle deposition: Fabrication, properties, and applications of micro- and nanostructured thin films. J Vac Sci Technol A 25, 1317. Google Scholar
Jim, S.R., Taschuk, M.T., Morlock, G.E., Bezuidenhout, L.W., Schwack, W. & Brett, M.J. (2010). Engineered anisotropic microstructures for ultrathin-layer chromatography. Analyt Chem 82, 53495356.Google Scholar
Kaminska, K., Amassian, A., Martinu, L. & Robbie, K. (2005). Growth of vacuum evaporated ultraporous silicon studied with spectroscopic ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. J Appl Phy 97, 013511. Google Scholar
Karabacak, T., Singh, J., Zhao, Y.-P., Wang, G.-C. & Lu, T.-M. (2003). Scaling during shadowing growth of isolated nanocolumns. Phys Rev B 68, 125408. Google Scholar
Krause, K.M., Vick, D.W., Malac, M. & Brett, M.J. (2010). Taking a little off the top: Nanorod array morphology and growth studied by focused ion beam tomography. Langmuir 26, 1755817567.Google Scholar
LaForge, J.M., Taschuk, M.T. & Brett, M.J. (2011). Glancing angle deposition of crystalline zinc oxide nanorods. Thin Solid Films 519, 35303537.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, S. & Gall, D. (2009). Anomalous scaling during glancing angle deposition. Appl Phys Lett 95, 173106. Google Scholar
Mukherjee, S. & Gall, D. (2010). Power law scaling during physical vapor deposition under extreme shadowing conditions. J Appl Phys 107, 084301. Google Scholar
Oko, A.J., Jim, S.R., Taschuk, M.T. & Brett, M.J. (2010). Analyte migration in anisotropic nanostructured ultrathin-layer chromatography media. J Chromatog A 1218, 26612667.Google Scholar
Park, Y.-J., Sobahan, K.A., Kim, J.-J. & HwangBo, C.-K. (2009). Optical and structural properties of bilayer circular filter prepared by glancing angle deposition. J Opt Soc Korea 13, 218222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patzig, C., Khare, C., Fuhrmann, B. & Rauschenbach, B. (2010). Periodically arranged Si nanostructures by glancing angle deposition on patterned substrates. Phys Status Solidi B 247, 13221334.Google Scholar
Rider, D.A., Tucker, R.T., Worfolk, B.J., Krause, K.M, Lalany, A., Brett, M.J., Buriak, J.M. & Harris, K.D. (2011). Indium tin oxide nanopillar electrodes in polymer/fullerene solar cells. Nanotechnology 22, 085706. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbie, K. (1997). Sculptured thin films and glancing angle deposition: Growth mechanics and applications. J Vac Sci Technol A 15, 1460. Google Scholar
Russ, J.C. (2008). The Image Processing Handbook, Fifth Edition. Boca Baton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Schubert, E. (2007). Sub-wavelength antireflection coatings from nanostructure sculptured thin films. Contrib Plasm Phys 47, 545550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, W., Wolcott, A., Fitzmorris, R.C., Zhang, J.Z. & Zhao, Y. (2011). Quasi-core-shell TiO2/WO3 and WO3/TiO2 nanorod arrays fabricated by glancing angle deposition for solar water splitting. J Mater Chem 21, 10792. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, J.J., Taschuk, M.T. & Brett, M.J. (2008). Nanostructured metal oxide thin films for humidity sensors. IEEE Sensors J 8, 14221429.Google Scholar
Taschuk, M.T. (2009). Glancing angle deposition. In Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings: Science, Applications and Technology, Martin, P. & Andrew, W. (Eds.), pp. 621678. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Taschuk, M.T., Krause, K.M., Steele, J.J., Summers, M.A. & Brett, M.J. (2009). Growth scaling of metal oxide columnar thin films deposited by glancing angle depositions. J Vac Sci Technol B 27, 2106. Google Scholar
Taschuk, M.T., Steele, J.J., van Popta, A.C. & Brett, M.J. (2008). Photocatalytic regeneration of interdigitated capacitor relative humidity sensors fabricated by glancing angle deposition. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 134, 666671.Google Scholar
Taylor, J.R. (1997). An Introduction to Error Analysis. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.Google Scholar
Zubkov, T., Stahl, D., Thompson, T.L., Panayotov, D., Diwald, O. & Yates, J.T. (2005). Ultraviolet light-induced hydrophilicity effect on TiO2(110)(1 × 1). Dominant role of the photooxidation of adsorbed hydrocarbons causing wetting by water droplets. J Phys Chem B 109, 1545415462.Google Scholar